Porphyromonas gingivalis arginine-specific proteinase coding sequences

ABSTRACT

Provided herein is a nucleotide sequence encoding an Arg-specific gingipain, said Arg-gingipain characterized as having an apparent molecular mass of 50 kDa as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and an apparent molecular mass of 44 kDa as estimated by gel filtration chromatography, said gingipain-1 having amidolytic and proteolytic activity for cleavage after arginine residues and having no amidolytic and/or proteolytic activity for cleavage after lysine residues, wherein the amidolytic and/or proteolytic activity is inhibited by cysteine protease group-specific inhibitors including iodoacetamide, iodoacetic acid, N-ethylmaleimide, leupeptin, antipain, trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido-(4-guanidino)butane, TLCK, TPCK, p-aminobenzamidine, N-chlorosuccinamide, and chelating agents including EDTA and EGTA, wherein the amidolytic and/or proteolytic activity of said gingipain-1 is not sensitive to inhibition by human cystatin C, α2-macroglobulin, α1-proteinase inhibitor, antithrombin III, α2-antiplasmin, serine protease group-specific inhibitors including diisopropylfluorophosphate, phenylmethyl sulfonylfluoride and proteolytic activities of ginigipan-1 are stabilized by Ca 2+  and 3,4-diisochlorocoumarin, and wherein the amidolytic and/or wherein the amidolytic and/or proteolytic activities of said gingipain-1 are stimulated by glycine-containing peptides and glycine analogues, and methods for preparation. As specifically exemplified, high and low molecular weight forms of Arg-gingipains and sequences encoding them are prepared from  Porphyromonas gingivalis.  Said high molecular weight Arg-gingipain comprises a proteolytic component as described hereinabove and at least one hemagglutinin component.

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/336,308 filed Nov. 8, 1994, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,017,523, which is a continuation-in-part of PCT/US94/10283 filed Sep. 9, 1994, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/265,441 filed Jun. 24, 1994, now abandoned which is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/119,361, filed Sep. 10, 1993 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,523,390.

This invention was made, at least in part, with funding from the National Institutes of Health (Grant Nos. DE 09761, HL 26148 and HL 37090). Accordingly, the United States Government may have certain rights in this invention.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The field of this invention is bacterial proteases, more particularly those of Porphyromonas gingivalis, most particularly the arginine-specific proteases termed Arg-gingipains herein and the nucleotide sequences encoding same.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Porphyromonas gingivalis (formerly Bacteroides gingivalis) is an obligately anaerobic bacterium which is implicated in periodontal disease. P. gingivalis produces proteolytic enzymes in relatively large quantities; these proteinases are recognized as important virulence factors (Smalley et al. (1989) Oral Microbiol. Immun. 4, 178-179; Marsh et al. (1989) FEMS Microbiol, Lett. 59, 181-186; Grenier and Mayrand (1987) J. Clin. Microbiol, 25, 738-740]. A number of physiologically significant proteins, including collagen [Birkedal-Hansen et al. (1988) J. Periodontal Res. 23, 258-264; Sundqvist et al. (1987) J. Periodontal Res. 22, 300-306]; fibronectin [Wikstrom and Linde (1986) Infect. Immun. 51, 707-711; Uitto et al. (1989) Infect. Immun. 57, 213-218]; immunoglobulins [Kilian, M. (1981) Infect. Immun. 34, 757-765; Sundqvist et al. (1985) J. Med. Microbiol, 19, 85-94; Sato et al. (1987) Arch. Oral Biol. 32, 235-238]; complement factors C3, C4, C5, and B [Sundqvist, et al. 1985) supra; Schenkein, H. A. (1988) J. Periodontal Res. 23, 187-192); lysozyme (Otsuka et al. (1987) J. Periodontal Res. 22, 491-498); iron-binding proteins (Carlsson et al. (1984) J. Med. Microbiol, 18, 39-46); plasma proteinase inhibitors (Carlsson et al. (1984) Infect. Immun. 43, 644-648; Herrmann et al. (1985) Scand. J. Dent. Res. 93, 153-157); fibrin and fibrinogen (Wikstrom et al. (1983) J. Clin. Microbiol. 17, 759-767; Lantz et al. (1986) Infect. Immun. 54, 654-658); and key factors of the plasma coagulation cascade system (Nilsson et al. (1985) Infect. Immun. 50, 467-471), are hydrolyzed by proteinases from this microorganism. Such broad proteolytic activity may play a major role in the evasion of host defense mechanisms and the destruction of gingival connective tissue associated with progressive periodontitis (Saglie et al. (1988) J. Periodontol. 59, 259-265).

Progressive periodontitis is characterized by acute tissue degradation promoted by collagen digestion and a vigorous inflammatory response characterized by excessive neutrophil infiltration (White and Maynard (1981) J. Periodontal Res. 16, 259-265). Gingival crevicular fluid accumulates in periodontitis as gingival tissue erosion progresses at the foci of the infection, and numerous plasma proteins are exposed to proteinases expressed by the bacteria at the injury site. It was speculated that neutrophils may have been recruited to the gingiva, in part, by the humoral chemotactic factor C5a. The complement components C3 and C5 are activated by complex plasma proteases with “trypsin-like” specificities called convertases (Muller-Eberhard (1988) Ann. Rev. Biochem. 57, 321-347). The human plasma convertases cleave the α-chains of C3 and C5 at a specific site generating biologically active factors known as anaphylatoxins (i.e. C3a and C5a). The anaphylatoxins are potent proinflammatory factors exhibiting chemotactic and/or spasmogenic activities as well as promoting increased vascular permeability. The larger products from C3 and C5 cleavage (i.e. C3b and C5b) participate in functions including complement cascade activation, opsinization, and lytic complex formation.

There are conflicting data as to the number and types of proteinases produced by P. gingivalis. In the past, proteolytic activities of P. gingivalis were classified into two groups; those enzymes which specifically degraded collagen and the general “trypsin-like” proteinases which appeared to be responsible for other proteolytic activity. Trypsin (and trypsin-like proteases) cleaves after arginine or lysine in the substrates (See, e.g. Lehninger A. L. (1982), Principles of Biochemistry, Worth Publishing, Inc., New York). The Arg-gingipain described herein differ in that they are specific for cleavage after only arginine, with no activity for cleavage after lysine residues.

More recently, Birkedal-Hansen et al. (Birkedal-Hansen et al. (1988) supra.) performed a systematic analysis of the effect of six classes of proteinase inhibitors on Porphyromonas collagenolytic activity which strongly suggested that all proteinases from this organism are dependent on free cysteine groups and metal ions, as indicated by inhibition by thiol-blocking reagents and metal chelators. On the other hand, Grenier et al. (Grenier et al. (1989) Infect Immun. 57, 95-99) identified at least eight proteolytic enzymes with molecular masses in the range of 29-110 kDa. Two of these appeared to be serine proteinases with glycyl-prolyl peptidase activity, one of which appears to be about 29 kDa (Grenier and McBride (1987) Infect. Immun. 55, 3131-3136).

All other enzymes were shown to be activated by cysteine and hydrolyzed the synthetic substrate Benzoyl-L-Arginyl-p-Nitroanilide (Bz-L-Arg-p-NA). Whether this represent distinct proteolytic enzymes or autocatalytic products of a single proteinase remains to be established. Although many attempts have been made to separate one of these trypsin-like proteinases (Otsuka, et al. (1987) supra.; Ono et al. (1987) Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 2, 77-81; Fujimura and Nakamura (1987) Infect. Immun. 55, 716-720; Suido et al. (1987) J. Periodontal Res. 22, 412-418; Tsutsui et al. (1987) Infect. Immun. 55, 420-427; Uitto, V. J. (1987) J. Periodontal Res. 22, 58-63; Sorsa et al. (1987) J. Periodontal Res. 22, 375-380) until now none has been purified sufficiently for rigorous biochemical and enzymological characterization.

Several communications have reported the cloning of other protease genes from P. gingivalis. (Arnott et al. (1990) Arch. Oral Biol. 35: 97S-99S; Bourgeau et al. (1992) Infect. Immun. 60: 3186-3192; Kato et al. (1992) J. Bacteriol. 174: 3889-3895; Otogoto et al. (1993) Infect. Immun. 61: 117-123; Park et al. (1992) FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 92: 273-278; Pratt et al. (1981) Nucleic Acids Res. 9: 4459-4474; Takahashi et al. (1991) FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 84: 135-138).

In this application, 50 kDa and a high molecular weight trypsin-like, thiol-activated proteinases of P. gingivalis, which have been purified to apparent homogeneity for the first time, is described and termed Arg-gingipain herein, and the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding it is provided.

There is a need in the art for purified Arg-gingipain, for example, as antigen for preparing antibodies specific to this protein or for vaccines useful in protection against periodontal disease, and for studies to identify inhibitors of this enzyme.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to provide a proteinase preparation comprising a substantially pure low molecular weight Arg-gingipain, termed Arg-gingipain-1 (or gingipain-1), herein, said gingipain-1 having an apparent molecular mass of 50 kDa as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and an apparent molecular mass of 44 kDa as estimated by gel filtration chromatography, said gingipain-1 having amidolytic and proteolytic activity for cleavage after arginine residues and having no amidolytic and/or proteolytic activity for cleavage after lysine residues, wherein the amidolytic and/or proteolytic activity is inhibited by cysteine protease group-specific inhibitors including iodoacetamide, iodoacetic acid, N-ethylmaleimide, leupeptin, antipain,trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido-(4-guanidine) butane, TLCK, TPCK, p-aminobenzamidine, N-chlorosuccinamide, and chelating agents including EDTA and EGTA, wherein the amidolytic and/or proteolytic activity of said gingipain-1 is not sensitive to inhibition by human cystatin C, α2-macroglobulin, α1-proteinase inhibitor, antithrombin III, α2-antiplasmin, serine protease group-specific inhibitors including diisopropylfluorophosphate, phenylmethyl sulfonylfluoride and 3,4-diisochlorocoumarin, and wherein the amidolytic and/or proteolytic activities of gingipain-1 are stabilized by Ca²⁺ and wherein the amidolytic and/or proteolytic activities of said gingipain-1 are stimulated by glycine-containing peptides and glycine analogues. In a specifically exemplified gingipain-1 protein, the protein is characterized by an N-terminal amino acid sequence as given in SEQ ID NO:1 Tyr-Thr-Pro-Val-Glu-Glu-Lys-Gln-Asn-Gly-Arg-Met-Ile-Val-Ile-Val-Ala-Lys-Lys-Tyr-Glu-Gly-Asp-Ile-Lys-Asp-Phe-Val-Asp-Trp-Lys-Asn-Gln-Arg-Gly-Leu-Thr-Lys-Xaa-Val-Lys-Xaa-Ala and by a C-terminal amino acid sequence as given in SEQ ID NO:2 (Glu-Leu-Leu-Arg).

A further object of this invention is a high molecular weight form of Arg-gingipain, termed Arg-gingipain-2 herein, and prepared as described in Example 1.

As specifically exemplified, mature high molecular weight Arg-gingipain protein has a protease component having a complete deduced amino acid sequence as given in SEQ ID NO:10 from amino acid 228 through amino acid 719. An alternative protease component amino acid sequence is given in SEQ ID NO:4, amino acids 1-510. Arg-gingipain-2 further comprises a hemagglutinin component with an amino acid sequence as given in SEQ ID NO:18 from amino acid 720-1185.

It is an additional object of the invention to provide a method for the preparation of a substantially pure Arg-gingipain-1 protein. Said substantially pure Arg-gingipain-1 exhibits amidolytic and/or proteolytic activity with specificity for cleavage after arginine, but exhibits no amidolytic and/or proteolytic activity with specificity for cleavage after lysine residues. The purification method exemplified herein comprises the steps of precipitating extracellular protein from cell-free culture supernatant of Porphyromonas gingivalis with ammonium sulfate (90% w/v saturation), fractionating the precipitated proteins by gel filtration, further fractionating by anion exchange chromatography those proteins in the fractions from gel filtration with the highest specific activity for amidolytic activity as measured with Benzoyl-L-arginyl-p-nitroanilide and collecting those proteins which were not bound to the anion exchange column, and fractionating those proteins by FPLC over a cation exchange column (MonoS HR5/5, Pharmacia, Piscataway, N.J.) and finally separating gingipain-1 from lysine-specific proteolytic/amidolytic protein(s) by affinity chromatography over L-arginyl-agarose. Preferably the P. gingivalis used is strain H66, and preferably the culture is grown to early stationary phase. Arg-gingipain-1 can also be purified from cells using appropriate modifications of the foregoing procedures (cells must be disrupted, e.g., by lysis in a French pressure cell). Preferably the gel filtration step is carried out using Sephadex G-150, the anion exchange chromatography step is carried out using diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose, the FPLC step is carried out using Mono S, and the affinity chromatography is carried out using L-arginyl-Sepharose 4B.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a nucleotide sequence encoding a low molecular weight Arg-gingipain, termed Arg-gingipain-1 (or gingipain-1), herein, said gingipain-1 having an apparent molecular mass of 50 kDa as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and an apparent molecular mass of 44 kDa as estimated by gel filtration chromatography, said gingipain-1 having amidolytic and proteolytic activity for cleavage after arginine residues and having no amidolytic and/or proteolytic activity for cleavage after lysine residues, wherein the amidolytic and/or proteolytic activity is inhibited by cysteine protease group-specific inhibitors including iodoacetamide, iodoacetic acid, N-ethylmaleimide, leupeptin, antipain, trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido-(4-guanidine)butane, TLCK, TPCK, p-aminobenzamidine, N-chlorosuccinamide, and chelating agents including EDTA and EGTA, wherein the amidolytic and/or proteolytic activity of said gingipain-1 is not sensitive to inhibition by human cystatin C, α2-macroglobulin, α1-proteinase inhibitor, antithrombin III, α2-antiplasmin, serine protease group-specific inhibitors including diisopropylfluorophosphate, phenylmethyl sulfonylfluoride and 3,4-diisochlorocoumarin, and wherein the amidolytic and/or proteolytic activities of gingipain-1 are stabilized by Ca²⁺ and wherein the amidolytic and/or proteolytic activities of said gingipain-1 are stimulated by glycine-containing peptides and glycine analogues. In a specifically exemplified gingipain-1 protein, the protein is characterized by an N-terminal amino acid sequence as given in SEQ ID NO:1 Tyr-Thr-Pro-Val-Glu-Glu-Lys-Gln-Asn-Gly-Arg-Met-Ile-Val-Ile-Val-Ala-Lys-Lys-Tyr-Glu-Gly-Asp-Ile-Lys-Asp-Phe-Val-Asp-Trp-Lys-Asn-Gln-Arg-Gly-Leu-Thr-Lys-Xaa-Val-Lys-Xaa-Ala) and by a C-terminal amino acid sequence as given in SEQ ID NO:2 (Glu-Leu-Leu-Arg).

A further object of this invention is a nucleotide sequence encoding a high molecular weight form of Arg-gingipain, termed Arg-gingipain-2 herein, which comprises a proteolytic component essentially as described hereinabove and at least one hemagglutinin component.

As specifically exemplified, the encoded Arg-gingipain-hemagglutinin complex is transcribed as a prepolyprotein, with the amino acid sequence as given in SEQ ID NO:10 from amino acid 1-1704. The encoded mature high molecular weight Arg-gingipain protein has a protease component having a complete deduced amino acid sequence as given in SEQ ID NO:10 from amino acid 228 through amino acid 719. An alternative protease component amino acid sequence is given in SEQ ID NO:4, amino acids 1-510. Arg-gingipain-2 further comprises at least one hemagglutinin component. The hemagglutinin components which are found associated with the 50 kDA Arg-specific proteolytic component are 44 kDa, 27 kDa and 17 kDa, and have amino acid sequences as given in SEQ ID NO:10, from 720 to 1091, from 1092 to 1429 and from 1430 to 1704, respectively.

It is an additional object of the invention to provide nucleic acid molecules for the recombinant production of an Arg-gingipain. Substantially pure recombinant Arg-gingipain-1 protein can be prepared after expression of the nucleotide sequences encoding Arg-gingipain in a heterologous host cell using the methods disclosed herein. Said substantially pure Arg-gingipain-1 exhibits amidolytic and/or proteolytic activity with specificity for cleavage after arginine, but exhibits no amidolytic and/or proteolytic activity with specificity for cleavage after lysine residues. The purification method exemplified herein comprises the steps of precipitating extracellular protein from cell-free culture supernatant of Porphyromonas gingivalis with ammonium sulfate (90% w/v saturation), fractionating the precipitated proteins by gel filtration, further fractionating by anion exchange chromatography those proteins in the fractions from gel filtration with the highest specific activity for amidolytic activity as measured with Benzoyl-L-arginyl-p-nitroanilide and collecting those proteins which were not bound to the anion exchange column, and fractionating those proteins by FPLC over a cation exchange column (MonoS HR5/5, Pharmacia, Piscataway, N.J.) and finally separating gingipain-1 from lysine-specific proteolytic/amidolytic protein(s) by affinity chromatography over L-arginyl-agarose. Preferably the P. gingivalis used is strain H66, and preferably the culture is grown to early stationary phase. Arg-gingipain-1 can also be purified from cells using appropriate modifications of the foregoing procedures (cells must be disrupted, e.g., by lysis in a French pressure cell). Preferably the gel filtration step is carried out using Sephadex G-150, the anion exchange chromatography step is carried out using diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose, the FPLC step is carried out using Mono S, and the affinity chromatography is carried out using L-arginyl-Sepharose 4B.

It is a further object of this invention to provide non-naturally occurring nucleic acid molecules, i.e., recombinant polynucleotides (e.g., a recombinant DNA molecule) comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding an Arg-gingipain protein, preferably having an amino acid sequence as given in SEQ ID NO:10 from amino acid 228 through amino acid 719 or having an amino acid sequence as given in SEQ ID NO:4, amino acids 1 through 510. As specifically exemplified herein, the nucleotide sequence encoding a mature Arg-gingipain protease is given in SEQ ID NO:9, nucleotides 1630 through 3105, or SEQ ID NO:3 from nucleotides 1630 through 3105. The skilled artisan will understand that the amino acid sequence of the exemplified gingipain protein can be used to identify and isolate additional, nonexemplified nucleotide sequences which will encode a functional protein of the same amino acid sequence as given in SEQ ID NO:4 from amino acid 1 through amino acid 510 or an amino acid sequence of greater than 90% identity and having equivalent biological activity. The skilled artisan understands that it may be desirable to express the Arg-gingipain as a secreted protein; if so, he knows how to modify the exemplified coding sequence for the “mature” gingipain-2 by adding a nucleotide sequence encoding a signal peptide appropriate to the host in which the sequence is expressed. When it is desired that the sequence encoding an Arg-gingipain protein be expressed, then the skilled artisan will operably link transcription and translational control regulatory sequences to the coding sequences, with the choice of the regulatory sequences being determined by the host in which the coding sequence is to be expressed. With respect to a recombinant DNA molecule carrying an Arg-gingipain coding sequence, the skilled artisan will choose a vector (such as a plasmid or a viral vector) which can be introduced into and which can replicate in the host cell. The host cell can be a bacterium, preferably Escherichia coli, or a yeast or mammalian cell.

Also provided is a specific exemplification of a nucleotide sequence encoding an Arg-gingipain, including low molecular weight Arg-gingipain-1 protease component and the protease component of high molecular weight gingipain and its associated hemagglutinin components. These components are processed from a prepolyprotein. As specifically exemplified, the coding sequence, from nucleotide 949 to nucleotide 6063 in SEQ ID NO:9, including the stop codon, encodes a prepolyprotein having an amino acid sequence as given in SEQ ID NO:10. The prepolyprotein is encoded by a nucleotide sequence as given in SEQ ID NO:9 from nucleotide 949 to 6060. The mature protease molecule is encoded at nucleotides 1630 through 3105 in SEQ ID NO:9. The mature Arg-specific proteolytic component has an amino acid sequence as given in SEQ ID NO:10 from 228-719, and the hemagglutinin component has an amino acid sequence as in SEQ ID NO:10 from 720-1091, from 1092 to 1429 or from 1430 to 1704.

In another embodiment, recombinant polynucleotides which encode an Arg-gingipain, including, e.g., protein fusions or deletions, as well as expression systems are provided. Expression systems are defined as polynucleotides which, when transformed into an appropriate host cell, can express a proteinase. The recombinant polynucleotides possess a nucleotide sequence which is substantially similar to a natural Arg-gingipain-encoding polynucleotide or a fragment thereof.

The polynucleotides include RNA, cDNA, genomic DNA, synthetic forms, and mixed polymers, both sense and antisense strands, and may be chemically or biochemically modified or contain non-natural or derivatized nucleotide bases. DNA is preferred. Recombinant polynucleotides comprising sequences otherwise not naturally occurring are also provided by this invention, as are alterations of a wild type proteinase sequence, including but not limited to deletion, insertion, substitution of one or more nucleotides or by fusion to other polynucleotide sequences.

The present invention also provides for fusion polypeptides comprising an Arg-gingipain. Homologous polypeptides may be fusions between two or more proteinase sequences or between the sequences of a proteinase and a related protein. Likewise, heterologous fusions may be constructed which would exhibit a combination of properties or activities of the proteins from which they are derived. Fusion partners include but are not limited to immunoglobulins, ubiquitin bacterial β-galactosidase, trpE, protein A, β-lactamase, alpha amylase, alcohol dehydrogenase and yeast alpha mating factor, (Godowski et al. (1988) Science, 241, 812-816). Fusion proteins will typically be made by recombinant methods but may be chemically synthesized.

Compositions and immunogenic preparations including but not limited to vaccines, comprising recombinant Arg-gingipain derived from P. gingivalis and a suitable carrier therefor are provided. Such vaccines are useful, for example, in immunizing an animal, including humans, against inflammatory response and tissue damage caused by P. gingivalis in periodontal disease. The vaccine preparations comprise an immunogenic amount of a proteinase or an immunogenic fragment or subunit thereof. Such vaccines may comprise one or more Arg-gingipain proteinases, or an Arg-gingipain in combination with another protein or other immunogen. By “immunogenic amount” is meant an amount capable of eliciting the production of antibodies directed against one or more Arg-gingipains in an individual to which the vaccine has been administered.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 illustrates the results of gel exclusion chromatography of the 90% (NH₄)₂SO⁴⁻ precipitated protein fraction (from P. gingivalis culture supernatant). Protein content was tracked by monitoring A₂₈₀ (. . . ▪ . . . ) and amidolytic activity was measured using Bz-L-Arg-pNA as substrate (-+-).

FIG. 2 illustrates the effect of assay pH on amidolytic activity of purified Arg-gingipain-1, as measured by ΔA₄₀₅, in the presence (-◯-) and absence (--) of 50 mM glycyl-glycine.

FIG. 3 is the model proposed for the cleavage of human C5 by Arg-gingipain-1. The two chains of C5 are represented by bars, and the hexagons labeled CHO represent the attachment sites of the N-linked oligosaccharides. The arrows labeled 1° and 2° denote the primary and secondary sites for cleavage by gingipain-1. The secondary site between residues 74 and 75 is not the only site for cleavage as degradation progresses, but is identified as a known site, based on the release of biologically active C5a.

FIG. 4 illustrates the results of neutrophil polarization assays on dilutions of a human C5+Arg-gingipain-1 digestion mixture. 90 μg C5 was digested with Arg-gingipain-1 (specific activity 728 units, molar ratio 25:1) in 0.2 ml digestion buffer, pH 7.0, at 37° C. for 3 hours. Proteolysis was inhibited by adding TLCK to a final concentration of 2 mM. 50 μl EBSS containing 10 mM MOPS, pH 7.3 before dilutions were assayed for biological activity. Controls were the same except for lack of C5 (enzyme control) or Arg-gingipain (C5 control).

FIG. 5 illustrates the composite physical map of Arg-gingipain-2 DNA clones. The first codon of the mature gingipain is indicated. Clones PstI(1)/PstI(2807), SmaI(1391)/BamHI(3159), and PstI (2807)/BamHI(3159) are represented. The arrows indicate the extent and direction of sequencing. M13 primers and internal primers were used to sequence both strands of the putative gingipain-2 gene, initially as double strand sequencing on clone PstI(1)/PstI(2807) and then as single strand sequencing on PstI(1)/PstI(2807) clone and on PstI(2807)/BamHI(3159) clone in both directions. The junction PstI(2807) was sequenced on double stranded clone SmaI(1391)/BamHI(3159). Only restriction sites employed in cloning are indicated.

FIG. 6 illustrates the composite physical map of an Arg-gingipain locus. The first codon of the mature Arg-gingipain proteolytic component is indicated. Only major restriction sites employed in cloning are indicated: B, BamHI; P, PstI; S, SmaI; A, Asp 718; Pv, PvuII; H, HindIII. The four arginine cleavage sites (R227, R719, R1091 and R1429) are each indicated with an asterisk (*). The three residues forming the active site (C412, H438 and N669, respectively) are also shown.

FIG. 7 is a protein matrix plot, which presents analysis of regions of similarity between hemagglutinin domains using Pustell Protein Matrix from MacVector, Release 4.0. The complete prepolyprotein sequence (SEQ ID NO:11) was used as X-axis and Y-axis. The perfect diagonal row is the line of identity, whereas structure in the pattern near that diagonal corresponds to internal repeats. The four different domains are represented (Arg-gingipain protease, 44 kDa hemagglutinin, 17 kDa hemagglutinin and 27 kDa hemagglutinin). Four regions of high homology are identified. The main homologies between hemagglutinin domains is shown in detail in Table 8.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Abbreviations used herein for amino acids are standard in the art: X or Xaa represents an amino acid residue that has not yet been identified but may be any amino acid residue including but not limited to phosphorylated tyrosine, threonine or serine, as well as cysteine or a glycosylated amino acid residue. The abbreviations for amino acid residues as used herein are as follows: A, Ala, alanine; V, Val, valine; L, Leu, leucine; I, Ile, isoleucine; P, Pro, proline; F, Phe, phenylalanine; W, Trp, tryptophan; M, Met, methionine; G, Gly, glycine; S, Ser, serine; T, Thr, threonine; C, Cys, cysteine; Y, Tyr, tyrosine; N, Asn, asparagine; Q, Gln, glutamine; D, Asp, aspartic acid; E, Glu, glutamic acid; K, Lys, lysine; R, Arg, arginine; and H, His, histidine. Other abbreviations used herein include Bz, benzoyl; Cbz, carboxybenzoyl; pNA, p-nitroanilide; MeO, methoxy; Suc, succinyl; OR, ornithyl; Pip, pipecolyl; SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate; TLCK, tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone; TPCK, tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone; S-2238, D-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA, S-2222, Bz-Ile-Glu-(γ-OR)-Gly-pNA; S-2288, D-Ile-Pro-Arg-pNA; S-2251, D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA; Bis-Tris, 2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-(hydroxymethyl)-propane-1,3-diol; FPLC, fast protein liquid chromatography; HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography; Tricine, N-[2-hydroxy-1,1-bis(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]glycine; EGTA, [ethylene-bis(oxyethylene-nitrile)tetraacetic acid; EDTA, ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid; Z-L-Lys-pNa, Z-L-Lysine-p-Nitroanilide; HMW, high molecular weight.

Arg-gingipain is the term given to a P. gingivalis enzyme with specificity for proteolytic and/or amidolytic activity for cleavage of an amide bond, in which L-arginine contributes the carboxyl group. The Arg-gingipains described herein have identifying characteristics of cysteine dependence, inhibition response as described, Ca²⁺-stabilization and glycine stimulation. Particular forms of Arg-gingipain are distinguished by their apparent molecular masses of the mature proteins (as measured without boiling before SDS-PAGE). Arg-gingipains of the present invention have no amidolytic or proteolytic activity for amide bonds in which L-lysine contributes the —COOH moiety.

Arg-gingipain-1 (or low molecular weight Arg-gingipain) is the name given herein to a protein characterized as having a molecular mass of 50 kDa as measured by SDS-PAGE and 44 kDa as measured by gel filtration over Sephadex G-150, having amidolytic and/or proteolytic activity for substrates having L-Arg in the P₁ position, i.e. on the N-terminal side of the peptide bond to be hydrolyzed but having no activity against corresponding lysine-containing substrates being dependent on cysteine (or other thiol groups for full activity), having sensitivity to cysteine protease group-specific inhibitors including iodoacetamide, iodoacetic acid, and N-methylmaleimide, leupeptin, antipain trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido-(4-guanidino)butane, TLCK, TPCK, p-aminobenzamidine, N-chlorosuccinamide, and chelating agents including EDTA and EGTA, but being resistant to inhibition by human cystatin C, α2-macroglobulin, α1-proteinase inhibitor, antithrombin III, α2-antiplasmin, serine protease group-specific inhibitors including diisopropylfluorophosphate, phenylmethyl sulfonylfluoride and 3,4-diisochlorocoumarin, and wherein the amidolytic and/or proteolytic activities of gingipain-1 are stabilized by Ca²⁺ and wherein the amidolytic and/or proteolytic activities of said gingipain-1 are stimulated by glycine-containing peptides and glycine analogues.

An exemplified Arg-gingipain described and termed High Molecular Weight Arg-gingipain herein exists in the native form in a high molecular weight form, having an apparent molecular mass of 95 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE, without boiling of samples. When boiled, the high molecular weight form appears to dissociate into components of 50 kDa, 43 kDa, 27 kDa and 17 kDa. Arg-gingipain-2 is the name given to the 50 kDa, enzymatically active component of the high molecular weight complex.

The complete amino acid sequence of an exemplified mature Arg-gingipain is given in SEQ ID NO:10, from amino acid 228 through amino acid 719. A second possible exemplary amino acid sequence is given in SEQ ID NO:4, amino acids 1 through 510. In nature these proteins are produced by the archebacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis; it can be purified from cells or from culture supernatant or as a recombinant expression product using the methods provided herein. Without wishing to be bound by any theory, it is proposed that these sequences correspond to Arg-gingipain-2.

As used herein with respect to Arg-gingipain-1, a substantially pure Arg-gingipain preparation means that there is only one protein band visible after silver-staining an SDS polyacrylamide gel run with the preparation, and the only amidolytic and/or proteolytic activities are those with specificity for L-arginine in the P₁ position relative to the bond cleaved. A substantially pure high molecular weight Arg-gingipain preparation has only one band (95 kDa) on SDS-PAGE (sample not boiled) or four bands (50 kDa, 43 kDa, 27 kDa, 17 kDa; sample boiled). No amidolytic or proteolytic activity for substrates with lysine in the P₁ position is evident in a substantially pure high molecular weight or Arg-gingipain-2 preparation. Furthermore, a substantially pure preparation of Arg-gingipain has been separated from components with which it occurs in nature. Substantially pure Arg-gingipain is substantially free of naturally associated components when separated from the native contaminants which accompany them in their natural state. Thus, Arg-gingipain that is chemically synthesized or recombinantly synthesized in a cellular system different from the cell from which it naturally originates will be substantially free from its naturally associated components. Techniques for synthesis of polypeptides are described, for example, in Merrifield (1963) J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 85, 2149-2156.

A chemically synthesized Arg-gingipain protein is considered an “isolated” polypeptide, as is an Arg-gingipain produced as an expression product of an isolated proteinase-encoding polynucleotide which is part of an expression vector (i.e., a “recombinant proteinase”), even if expressed in a homologous cell type.

Recombinant Arg-gingipain-1, Arg-gingipain-2 and HMW Arg-gingipain can be obtained by culturing host cells transformed with the recombinant polynucleotides comprising nucleotide sequences encoding an Arg-gingipain as described herein under conditions suitable to attain expression of the proteinase-encoding sequence.

The purification of Arg-gingipain-1 is described in Example 1 and Chen et al. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 18896-18901. One major problem overcome in the purification of the arginine-specific proteinase of P. gingivalis involved the removal of the large quantity of hemin and protohemin found to be present in the spent medium after growth of this bacterium. This was accomplished, in part, by gel filtration after ammonium sulfate precipitation of cell-free proteins (90% ammonium sulfate saturation). Chromatography over Sephadex G-150 yielded four peaks with Bz-L-Arg-pNA-hydrolyzing activity (see FIG. 1). In each of these fractions, the hydrolytic activity was dependent on cysteine and enhanced many-fold by the addition of glycyl-glycine or glycine amide. Peak 4 was further studied because it exhibited the highest specific activity. However, it has been determined that the antibody specific for gingipain-1 immunoprecipitates proteinase from all four Sephadex G-150 peaks.

Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, it is postulated that the four-peak Bz-L-Arg-pNA-amidolytic profile is an anomaly resulting from the binding of gingipain-1 to membrane or nucleic acid fragments. Alternatively, those peaks containing higher molecular weight protein may contain partially processed gingipain-1 precursors. Although the purification of gingipain-1 as exemplified is from extracellular protein, it can also be purified from the bacterial cells.

Further analysis (see Example 1) of the high molecular weight fractions containing Arg-specific amidolytic and proteolytic activity revealed that Arg-gingipain-2 occurred non-covalently bound to proteins of 44 kDa, subsequently identified as a hemagglutinin, and 27 kDa and 17 kDa. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the complexed 44 kDa protein was Ser-Gly-Gln-Ala-Glu-Ile-Val-Leu-Glu-Ala-His-Asp-Val-Xaa-Asn-Asp-Gly- (SEQ ID NO:10). This corresponds to amino acids 720-736 of SEQ ID NO: 10, with the identity of Xaa deduced to be Trp.

Arg-Gingipain-1 was further purified from the Sephadex G-150 Peak 4 protein mixture by further steps of anion exchange chromatography over DEAE-cellulose and two runs over Mono S FPLC see (Table 1).

TABLE 1 Purification of Porphyromonas gingivalis gingipain-1 Specific Activity Purifica- Protein Activity^(a) units/ tion Yield Step A₂₈₀ units A₂₈₀ fold % Culture fluid 26,400 7,428 0.3 1 100 (NH₄)₂SO₄ 1,248 5,200 4.1 70 70 precipitate Sephadex G-150 14 1,600 112 400 22 DEAE-cellulose 6 1,216 195 697 16 Mono S FPLC 2.5 852 342 1,223 11 Mono S FPLC 0.4 625 1,488 5,315 8 ^(a)Amidase activity using Bz-L-Arg-pNA; 1 unit = A₄₅₀ of 1.00/min/ml at 25° C.

As discussed in Example 1, Arg-gingipain-1 recovery was markedly reduced if an affinity chromatography step (L-Arginyl-Sepharose 4B) was used to remove trace amounts of a contaminating proteinase with specificity for cleavage after lysine residues.

Purified Arg-gingipain-1 exhibits an apparent molecular mass of about 50 KDa as determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The size estimate obtained by gel filtration on Superose 12 (Pharmacia, Piscataway, N.J.) is 44 KDa. Amino-terminal sequence analysis through 43 residues gave a unique structure which showed no homology with any other proteins, based on a comparison in the protein NBRS data base, release 39.0. The sequence obtained is as follows:

Tyr-Thr-Pro-Val-Glu-Glu-Lys-Gln-Asn-Gly-Arg-Met-Ile-Val-Ile-Val-Ala-Lys-Lys-Tyr-Glu-Gly-Asp-Ile-Lys-Asp-Phe-Val-Asp-Trp-Lys-Asn-Gln-Arg-Gly-Leu-Thr-Lys-Xaa-Val-Lys-Xaa-Ala (SEQ ID NO:1).

The C-terminal amino acid sequence of the gingipain-1 (major form recognized in zymography SDS-PAGE, 0.1% gelatin in gel), was found to be Glu-Leu-Leu-Arg. (SEQ ID NO:2). This corresponds to the amino acids encoded at nucleotides 3094-3105 in SEQ ID NO:3 and nucleotides 3094-3105 in SEQ ID NO:9. This is consistent with the model for autoproteolytic processing of the precursor polyprotein to produce the mature 50 kDa gingipain-1 protein.

Comparison of SEQ ID NO:1 with SEQ ID NOS:4 and 10 shows differences at amino acids 37-38 of the mature Arg-gingipain proteases. Without wishing to be bound by any theory, it is proposed that SEQ ID NO:3 (or SEQ ID NO:9) comprises the coding sequence for Arg-gingipain-2, the enzymatically active component of the high molecular weight form of Arg-gingipain. This is consistent with the observation that there are at least two genes with substantial nucleic acid homology to the Arg-gingipain-specific probe.

The enzymatic activity of Arg-gingipain-1 is stimulated by glycine and glycine-containing compounds. In the absence of a glycine-containing compound, the enzyme has essentially the same amidolytic activity in the pH range 7.5-9.0. However, in the presence of glycyl-glycine, e.g., substantial sharpening of the pH range for activity is observed, with the optimum being between pH 7.4 and 8.0 (FIG. 2). Preliminary kinetic data indicate that the effect of glycine and glycine analogues is to raise both k_(cat) and K_(m) equally so that the k_(cat)/K_(m) ratio does not change. It is therefore likely that these compounds bind to the enzyme and/or substrate after an enzyme-substrate complex has already formed. The high molecular weight form is stimulated only about half as much by glycine compounds.

Arg-gingipain-1 requires cysteine for full amidolytic activity,and, although it is stimulated by other thiol-containing compounds (Table 2), the effect was less pronounced. Cysteine and cysteamine are most efficient, presumably because they perform the dual roles of reducing agents and glycine analogues.

TABLE 2 Effect of reducing agents on the amidolytic activity of gingipain-1 Activity Compound added −Gly-Gly +Gly-Gly^(a) mM % None 100 320 Dithiothreitol  0.1 159 636  1.0 432 1,814 10.0 685 1,905 Mercaptoethanol  0.1 165 627  1.0 456 1,860 10.0 685 2,010 Glutathione  0.1 208 853  1.0 593 2,550 10.0 770 3,100 Cysteine  0.1 685 2,740  1.0 1,212 4,985 10.0 1,844 5,290 ^(a)50 mM.

The amidolytic activity of Arg-gingipain-1 is inhibited by a number of —SH blocking group reagents, oxidants, Ca²⁺ chelating agents, and Zn²⁺ (Table 3). The effect of the chelating agents EDTA and EGTA was reversed completely by the addition of excess Ca²⁺, whereas in the case of Zn²⁺, it was necessary to add o-phenanthroline prior to Ca²⁺.

Typical serine proteinase group-specific inhibitors have no effect on enzyme activity, and it is likely that inhibition by both TLCK and TPCK was caused by reaction with an essential cysteine residue in the enzyme, a known property of chloromethyl ketone derivatives. Significantly, Arg-gingipain-1 was inhibited by such cysteine proteinase inhibitors as trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido-(4-guanidino)butane, leupeptin and antipain. Although the reactions were not stoichiometric, the inhibition was concentration-dependent. However, human cystatin C, an inhibitor of mammalian and plant cysteine proteinases, does not inhibit Arg-gingipain-1, nor did any of the trypsin-specific inhibitors from human plasma, including α2-macroglobulin, α1-proteinase inhibitor, antithrombin III, and α2-antiplasmin. Indeed, preliminary investigations actually suggested that the inhibitor in each case was being inactivated by Arg-gingipain-1.

TABLE 3 Effect of inhibitors on the amidolytic activity of Arg-gingipain-1 Compound Residual activity Serine proteinase group-specific inhibitors Diisopropylfluorophosphate (10.0 mM) 100.0 Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (10.0 mM) 100.0 3,4-Dichloroisocoumarin (10.0 mM) 100.0 Cysteine proteinase group-specific inhibitors Iodoacetamide  1.0 mM 67.6 10.0 mM 0.0 Iodoacetic acid  1.0 mM 83.2 10.0 mM 4.4 N-Ethylmaleimide  1.0 mM 79.5 10.0 mM 3.0 Chelating agents EDTA  1.0 mM 18.6 10.0 mM 1.8 EGTA  1.0 mM 21.3 10.0 mM 2.4 o-Phenanthroline (10.0 mM) 95.7 Others ZnCl₂  1.0 mM 90.0 10.0 mM 0.6 MgCl₂ (10.0 mM) 100.0 TLCK (1.0 mM) 0.1 TPCK (1.0 mM) 0.1 p-Aminobenzamidine (10.0 mM) 13.7 N-Chlorosuccinimide  1.0 mM 20.0 10.0 mM 1.5 NaCl (0.16 M) 100.0

Calcium ion stabilizes Arg-gingipain-1 without directly affecting activity. With Ca²⁺ present the enzyme is stable in the pH range between 4.5 and 7.5 for several days at 4° C. However, below pH 4.0 or in the absence of Ca²⁺, enzyme activity is quickly lost. At 37° C. Ca²⁺ considerably increases stability, although activity is lost more rapidly than at the lower temperature. At −20° C. Arg-gingipain-1 is stable for several months. During lyophilization, however, it irreversibly loses more than 90% of its catalytic activity.

The amidolytic activity of the purified Arg-gingipain-1 on synthetic peptide substrates was limited to substrates with a P₁-Arg residue. Even then Arg-gingipain-1 had significantly different turnover rates on individual substrates, being most effective against S-2238 and S-2222 (Table 4). This narrow specificity was confirmed by examination of the cleavage products after incubation with the insulin B chain or mellitin; it was found that cleavage occurred specifically after only Arg residues, but not after Lys or any other amino acids unless the last affinity chromatography step over L-Arginine-Sepharose 4B was omitted.

TABLE 4 Amidolytic activity of Arg-gingipain-1 Activity Substrate nmol/μg/h D-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA (S-2238) 756.0 Bz-Ile-Glu-(γ-OR)-Gly Arg-pNA (S-2222) 614.0 D-Ile-Pro-Arg-pNA (S-2288) 315.0 Bz-Arg-pNA 293.0 D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA (S-2251) 0.1 Suc-Ala-Ala-Ala-pNA 0 MeO-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-pNA 0 Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA 0 Gly-Pro-pNA 0 Cbz-Phe-Leu-Glu-pNA 0

Preliminary studies indicated that the proteinase activity in each of the four pooled peaks, detected by assay for Bz-L-Arg-pNA hydrolysis after Sephadex G-150 chromatography, could not only digest arginine-specific synthetic substrates but also casein, collagen, the serpins α1-antichymotrypsin and antithrombin III, and the arginine-rich, neutrophil proteinase cathepsin G (but not human neutrophil elastase). In addition, enzymes in peak 1 could also degrade type I collagen and α1-proteinase inhibitor. However, no collagen degradation by purified Arg-gingipain-1 was ever detected.

Because progressive periodontitis is characterized by tissue degradation, collagen destruction and a strong inflammatory response, and because P. gingivalis was known to exhibit complement-hydrolyzing activity, purified Arg-gingipain-1 was tested for proteinase activity using purified human complement C3 and C5 as substrates. (See discussion herein below and Wingrove et al. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 287:18902-18907. Purified human C3 was digested with gingipain-1 at a molar ratio of 25:1 in digestion buffer. Since it has been shown that the enzyme cleaves substrates such as Bz-Arg-pNA more rapidly in the presence of glycyl-glycine (Gly-Gly), time course digests both in the presence and absence of the dipeptide were carried out. The cysteine proteinase selectively cleaved the α-chain, generating what initially appeared to be the α′-chain of C3b. This result indicates that a fragment approximately the size of C3a (i.e. 9 kDa) had been released (FIG. 3). The rate of digestion with Gly-Gly present appears only slightly more rapid than without the dipeptide. The C3 α-chain was nearly all converted to the α′-chain after 1 h of digestion. Further breakdown fragments of the C3 α′-chain were observed and a decreasing intensity of the α′-band suggested that degradation continues. Visual evidence suggested that the C3 β-chain is resistant to this proteinase whether Gly-Gly is present or not.

Attempts to demonstrate C3a biological activity in the C3 digestion mixture were unsuccessful. A digest containing 300 μg of C3 was applied to a guinea pig ileal strip with no response. The sensitivity of the ileum assay would have detected approximately 1% of the C3a potentially generated in the digest. When the C3 digest was resolved by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (13% gel) and developed with silver stain, no material was detected in the C3a region. Thus, the C3a-like fragment released from the α-chain was extensively degraded by gingipain-1.

Human C5 was also digested by Arg-gingipain-1, with initial cleavage specific for the C5 α-chain, as in the case of C3. The α-1 (86 kDa) and the α-2 (30 kDa) fragments were the first polypeptides to be formed from cleavage of C5 by gingipain-1, and they equal the molecular weight of the intact α-chain, a fragment in the size range of C5a was observed. C5a is more resistant to the Arg-gingipain-1 than C3a, and functional C5a may accumulate without further appreciable degradation. C5a biological activity was detected after digestion of human C5 with Arg-gingipain-1. Characteristic morphologic changes in human neutrophils, known as polarization, were scored by counting deformed cells relative to normally rounded cells.

A scheme for the cleavage of C5 by Arg-gingipain-1 is shown in FIG. 3. The enzyme attacks primarily the α-chain of C5. The first peptide bond cleaved is between arginine 715 and glycine 716 of the α-chain. Subsequently, other sites are attacked including the bond between positions 74 and 75, which generates C5a.

Both human C3a and C5a were subjected to proteolysis by Arg-gingipain-1 (specific activity 1,123 units (per A₂₈₀) at 100:1 molar ratios, and degradation was evaluated after electrophoresis on cellulose acetate strips. C3a was extensively degraded after 30-min incubation, both in the presence and absence of Gly-Gly. In the presence of glycyl-glycine the C3a appeared partially degraded after 10 min and was nearly destroyed after 60 min. Cleavage of C3a by the Arg-gingipain-1 explains why activity could not be demonstrated in the C3 digestion mixtures; presumably the C3a fragment was released and then destroyed as the digestion continued.

C5a is more resistant to the Arg-gingipain-1 than C3a, based on the apparent rate of degradation. The majority of C5a remained intact even after 60 min of digestion, indicating that when C5 is subjected to prolonged digestion by Arg-gingipain-1, functional C5a may accumulate in the digestion mixture without further appreciable degradation.

C5a biological activity was detected as follows. Human C5 was digested at a molar ratio of 25:1 (728 U preparation) for three hours. Aliquots of the digestion mixture were diluted and incubated with human neutrophils. Characteristic morphologic changes in the cells, known as polarization, were scored by counting deformed cells relative to normally rounded cells. The neutrophil response to the digestion mixture indicated that a factor with activity like that of C5a was present (FIG. 7). Calculations of the activity expressed by the C5 digest (ED₅₀ for a 1:100 dilution) compared with purified C5a (described in Ember et al. (1992) J. Immunol. 148, 3165-3173) indicated that approximately 25% of the potential C5a activity had been generated.

A C5 digest was prepared for the neutrophil chemotaxis assay using the Arg-gingipain-1 preparation with a somewhat higher specific activity (1,123 units) than previous preparations and was used at a 100:1 molar ratio. Aliquots of the digestion mixture were diluted, and neutrophil migration was evaluated using a modified Boyden chamber assay. Estimates of the recovery of activity relative to purified C5a indicated a yield of 20%.

To characterize the bioactive products of Arg-gingipain-1 cleavage of C5, a C5 digest containing ¹²⁵I-C5a added after digestion was gel size fractimated on a Bio-Gel P-60 column. An early peak of material eluted at the C5 position, and the broad second peak eluted where fragments the size of C5a would elute. Both pooled fractions of the higher molecular weight and the lower molecular weight materials were tested for neutrophil polarization and chemotactic activity. Only the pooled material of lower molecular weight, of sizes similar to C5a, elicited the polarization response and cellular migratory response.

To test for in vivo biological activity, the purified low molecular weight Arg-gingipain enzyme was injected into guinea pig skin. It induced vascular permeability enhancement at concentrations greater than 10⁻⁸ M in dose-dependent and proteolytic activity dependent manners. Vascular permeability enhancement activity was not inhibited by diphenhydramine (an antihistamine), and the activity was enhanced by SQ 20,881 (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor). The vascular permeability enhancement by Arg-gingipain-1 was inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) at a concentration of 10⁻⁵ M, a concentration at which SBTI did not inhibit enzymatic activity, as measured with Bz-L-Arg-pNA and azocasein as the substrates.

Human plasma or guinea pig plasma treated with Arg-gingipain-1 (10⁻⁸ to 10⁻⁶ M) induced vascular permeability enhancement in the guinea pig skin assay. Vascular permeability enhancement by Arg-gingipain-1 treated plasma was increased by addition of 1,10-phenanthroline (kinase inhibitor, chelating agent for Zn ions) to a final concentration of 1 mM. Vascular permeability enhancement by Arg-gingipain-1 treated plasmas was markedly reduced when plasmas deficient in Hageman factor, prekallikrein or high molecular weight kininogen were used. These results indicate that vascular permeabilizing enhancement by Arg-gingipain-1 acts via activation of Hageman factor and the subsequent release of bradykinin from high molecular weight kininogen by kallikrein.

Intradermal injection of Arg-gingipain-1 in the guinea pig also resulted in neutrophil accumulation at the site of injection, an activity which was dependent on proteolytic activity.

The foregoing results demonstrate the ability of Arg-gingipain to elicit inflammatory responses in a guinea pig animal model.

An Arg-gingipain preparation may be used in methods of identifying agents that modulate Arg-gingipain proteinase activity, whether by acting on the proteinase itself or preventing the interaction of a proteinase with a protein in gingival area, such as C3 or C5. One such method comprises the steps of incubating a proteinase with a putative therapeutic, i.e., Arg-gingipain inhibiting agent; determining the activity of the proteinase incubated with the agent; and comparing the activity obtained in step with the activity of a control sample of proteinase that has not been incubated with the agent.

SDS-PAGE analysis of the purified high molecular weight form of Arg-gingipain, without boiling, revealed a single band of apparent molecular mass of 95 kDa. This estimate was confirmed by analytical chromatography over a TSK 3000SW gel filtration column. When the enzyme preparation was boiled before SDS-PAGE, however, bands of apparent molecular masses of 50 kDa, 43 kDa, 27 kDa and 17 kDa were observed. These bands were not generated by treatments at temperatures below boiling, by reducing agents or detergents. It was concluded that the 95 kDa band was the result of strong non-covalent binding between the lower molecular weight proteins.

The 50 kDa component of the high molecular weight Arg-gingipain was characterized with respect to N-terminal amino acid sequence over 22 amino acids. The sequence was identical to the first 22 amino acids of the 50 kDa, low molecular weight Arg-gingipain-1. Characterization of the high molecular weight Arg-gingipain activity showed the same dependence on cysteine (or other thiols) and the same spectrum of response to potential inhibitors. Although the high molecular weight Arg-gingipain was stimulated by glycine compounds, the response was only about half that observed for the low molecular weight form.

Methods of treating or ameliorating the effects of Arg-gingipain-1 on affected gingival crevices of a human or animal with periodontal disease are provided. Such methods include administering to the animal (or human) an effective amount of a physiologically acceptable Arg-gingipain-1 inhibitor. Known proteinase inhibitors are generally not physiologically acceptable, but acceptable inhibitors will include agents that inhibit Arg-gingipain-1 but do not affect, or affect only marginally, the activity of endogenous proteinases. Such inhibitors can be obtained from a variety of sources including but not limited to inhibitory antibodies and small molecules. The inhibitors can be administered by a variety of methods including but not limited to topically, via aerosol to the nasal passages or lungs, subdermally and intravenously. The inhibitors can be administered as needed, particularly when applied topically. These methods of administration are known in the art and will not be described in detail herein.

Recombinant Arg-gingipain is useful in methods of identifying agents that modulate Arg-gingipain proteinase activity, whether by acting on the proteinase itself or preventing the interaction of a proteinase with a protein in gingival area, such as C3 or C5. One such method comprises the steps of incubating a proteinase with a putative therapeutic, i.e., Arg-gingipain-inhibiting, agent; determining the activity of the proteinase incubated with the agent; and comparing the activity obtained in step with the activity of a control sample of proteinase that has not been incubated with the agent.

SDS-PAGE analysis (without boiling) of the purified high molecular weight form of Arg-gingipain revealed a single band of apparent molecular mass of 95 kDa. This estimate was confirmed by analytical chromatography over a TSK 3000SW gel filtration column. When the enzyme preparation was boiled before SDS-PAGE, however, bands of apparent molecular masses of approximately 50 kDa, 44 kDa, 27 kDa and 17 kDa were observed. These bands were not generated by treatments at temperatures below boiling, by reducing agents or detergents. It was concluded that the 95 kDa band was the result of strong non-covalent binding between the lower molecular weight proteins.

The primary structure of the NH₂-terminus of low molecular weight Arg-gingipain determined by direct amino acid sequencing. (SEQ ID NO:1) was used to prepare a mixture of synthetic primer oligonucleotides GIN-1-32 (SEQ ID NO:6) coding for amino acids 2 to 8 of the mature protein and primer GIN-2-30 (SEQ ID NO:7) coding for amino acids 25-32 of the mature protein. These primers were used in PCR on P. gingivalis DNA. A single 105-base pair product (P105) resulted. This was cloned into pCR-Script™SK(−) (Stratagene) and sequenced. Sequence analysis of P105 generated 49 nucleotides from an Arg-gingipain coding sequence. On the basis of the sequence of P105, another primer (GIN-8S-48) SEQ ID NO:7 corresponding to the coding strand of the partial Arg-gingipain gene (48-mers) was synthesized in order to screen the λDASH DNA library using a ³²P-labeled GIN-8S-48 probe. A partial sequence of the Arg-gingipain gene (nucleotides 1-3159, SEQ ID NO:3) was determined by screening the P. gingivalis DNA library using ³²P-labeled hybridization GIN-8S-48 probe (SEQ ID NO:8). From a total of 2×10⁵ independent plaques screened, seven positive clones were isolated and purified. After extraction and purification, the DNA was analyzed by restriction enzymes: One clone (A1) has a 3.5 kb BamHI fragment and a 3 kb PstI fragment; another clone (B1) has a 9.4 kb BamHI fragment and a 9.4 kb PstI fragment; and 5 clones have a 9.4 kb BamHI fragment and a 10 kb PstI fragment. These results are similar to those obtained by Southern analysis of P. gingivalis DNA and are consistent with the existence of at least two Arg-gingipain genes. The A1 clone was chosen for sequencing because the expected DNA size to encode a 50-kDa protein is approximately 1.35 kb. The 3.159 kb PstI/BamHI fragment from clone A1 was subsequently subcloned into pBluescript SK(−) as a PstI fragment and a SmaI/BamHI fragment and into M13mp18 and 19 as a PstI fragment and a PstI/BamHI fragment and sequenced. In order to clone the stop codon of gingipain-1, which was missing in the PstI/BamHI fragment, PstI/HindIII double digested P. gingivalis DNA clones were hybridized with ³²P-labeled GIN-14-20 (SEQ ID NO:8) (nucleotides 2911-2930 of SEQ ID NO:3) localized at the 3′ end of this clone. A PstI/HindIII fragment of approximately 4.3 kb was identified and cloned into pbluescript SK(−). Smaller fragment (PstI/Asp713 and BamHI/HindIII) was also subcloned into M13mp18 and 19.

SEQ ID NO:3 is the DNA sequence of the 3159 bp PstI/BamHI fragment (see Table 5).

TABLE 5 Nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of Gingipain: Sequence: 1 to 3159              10           20           30            40               *            *            *             *   CTG CAG AGG GCT GCT AAA GAC CGC CTC GGG ATC GAG GCC TTT GAG ACG   GAC GTC TCC CGA CGA TTT CTG GCG GAG CCC TAG CTC CGG AAA CTC TGC   50           60            70           80           90    *            *             *            *            *   GGC ACA AGC CGC CGC AGC CTC CTC TTC GAA GGT GTC TCG AAC GTC CAC   CCG TGT TCG GCG GCG TCG TCG GAG GAG AAG CTT CAG AGC TTG CAG GTG     100          110          120           130          140       *            *            *             *            *   ATC GGT GAA TCC GTA GCA GTG CTC ATT GCC ATT GAG CAG CAC CGA GGT   TAG CCA CTT AGG CAT CGT CAC GAG TAA CGG TAA CTC GTC GTG GCT CCA       150           160          170          180           190         *             *            *            *             *   GTG GCG CAT CAG ATA TAT TTT CAT CAG TGG ATT ATT AGG GTA TCG GTC   CAC CGC GTA GTC TAT ATA AAA GTA GTC ACC TAA TAA TCC CAT AGC CAG          200          210           220          230          240            *            *             *            *            *   AGA AAA AGC CTT CCG AAT CCG ACA AAG ATA GTA GAA AGA GAG TGC ATC   TCT TTT TCG GAA GGC TTA GGC TGT TTC TAT CAT CTT TCT CTC ACG TAG             250          260          270           280               *            *            *             *   TGA AAA CAG ATC ATT CGA GGA TTA TCG ATC AAC TGA AAA GGC AGG AGT   ACT TTT GTC TAG TAA GCT CCT AAT AGC TAG TTG ACT TTT CCG TCC TCA  290          300           310          320          330    *            *             *            *            *   TGT TTT GCG TTT TGG TTC GGA AAA TTA CCT GAT CAG CAT TCG TAA AAA   ACA AAA CGC AAA ACC AAG CCT TTT AAT GGA CTA GTC GTA AGC ATT TTT     340          350          360           370          380       *            *            *             *            *   CGT GGC GCG AGA ATT TTT TCG TTT TGG CGC GAG AAT TAA AAA TTT TTG   GCA CCG CGC TCT TAA AAA AGC AAA ACC GCG CTC TTA ATT TTT AAA AAC       390           400          410          420           430         *             *            *            *             *   GAA CCA CAG CGA AAA AAA TCT CGC GCC GTT TTC TCA GGA TTT ACA GAC   CTT GGT GTC GCT TTT TTT AGA GCG CGG CAA AAG AGT CCT AAA TGT CTG          440          450           460          470          480            *            *             *            *            *   CAC AAT CCG AGC ATT TTC GGT TCG TAA TTC ATC GAA GAG ACA GGT TTT   GTG TTA GGC TCG TAA AAG CCA AGC ATT AAG TAG CTT CTC TGT CCA AAA             490          500          510           520               *            *            *             *   ACC GCA TTG AAA TCA GAG AGA GAA TAT CCG TAG TCC AAC GGT TCA TCC   TGG CGT AAC TTT AGT CTC TCT CTT ATA GGC ATC AGG TTG CCA AGT AGG  530          540           550          560          570    *            *             *            *            *   TTA TAT CAG AGG TTA AAA GAT ATG GTA CGC TCA TCG AGG AGC TGA TTG   AAT ATA GTC TCC AAT TTT CTA TAC CAT GCG AGT AGC TCC TCG ACT AAC     580          590          600           610          620       *            *            *             *            *   GCT TAG TAG GTG AGA CTT TCT TAA GAG ACT ATC GGC ACC TAC AGG AAG   CGA ATC ATC CAC TCT GAA AGA ATT CTC TGA TAG CCG TGG ATG TCC TTC       630           640          650          660           670         *             *            *            *             *   TTC ATG GCA CAC AAG GCA AAG GAG GCA ATC TTC GCA GAC CGG ACT CAT   AAG TAC CGT GTG TTC CGT TTC CTC CGT TAG AAG CGT CTG GCC TGA GTA          680          690           700          710          720            *            *             *            *            *   ATC AAA AGG ATG AAA CGA CTT TTC CAT ACG ACA ACC AAA TAG CCG TCT   TAG TTT TCC TAC TTT GCT GAA AAG GTA TGC TGT TGG TTT ATC GGC AGA             730          740          750           760               *            *            *             *   ACG GTA GAC GAA TGC AAA CCC AAT ATG AGG CCA TCA ATC AAT CCG AAT   TGC CAT CTG CTT ACG TTT GGG TTA TAC TCC GGT AGT TAG TTA GGC TTA  770          780           790          800          810    *            *             *            *            *   GAC AGC TTT TGG GCA ATA TAT TAT GCA TAT TTT GAT TCG CGT TTA AAG   CTG TCG AAA ACC CGT TAT ATA ATA CGT ATA AAA CTA AGC GCA AAT TTC     820          830          840           850          860       *            *            *             *            *   GAA AAG TGC ATA TAT TTG CGA TTG TGG TAT TTC TTT CGG TTT CTA TGT   CTT TTC ACG TAT ATA AAC GCT AAC ACC ATA AAG AAA GCC AAA GAT ACA       870           880          890          900           910         *             *            *            *             *   GAA TTT TGT CTC CCA AGA AGA CTT TAT AAT GCA TAA ATA CAG AAG GGG   CTT AAA ACA GAG GGT TCT TCT GAA ATA TTA CGT ATT TAT GTC TTC CCC          920          930           940          950          960            *            *             *            *            *   TAC TAC ACA GTA AAA TCA TAT TCT AAT TTC ATC AAA ATG AAA AAC TTG   ATG ATG TGT CAT TTT AGT ATA AGA TTA AAG TAG TTT TAC TTT TTG AAC                                                    M   K   N   L>             970          980          990          1000               *            *            *             *   AAC AAG TTT GTT TCG ATT GCT CTT TGC TCT TCC TTA TTA GGA GGA ATG   TTG TTC AAA CAA AGC TAA CGA GAA ACG AGA AGG AAT AAT CCT CCT TAC    N   K   F    V  S   I   A   L   C   S   S   L   L   G   G   M> 1010         1020          1030         1040         1050    *            *             *            *            *   GCA TTT GCG CAG CAG ACA GAG TTG GGA CGC AAT CCG AAT GTC AGA TTG   CGT AAA CGC GTC GTC TGT CTC AAC CCT GCG TTA GGC TTA CAG TCT AAC    A   F   A   Q   Q   T   E   L   G   R   N   P   N   V   R   L>    1060         1070         1080          1090         1100       *            *            *             *            *   CTC GAA TCC ACT CAG CAA TCG GTG ACA AAG GTT CAG TTC CGT ATG GAC   GAG CTT AGG TGA GTC GTT AGC CAC TGT TTC CAA GTC AAG GCA TAC CTG    L   E   S   T   Q   Q   S   V   T   K   V   Q   F   R   M   D>      1110          1120         1130        1140           1150         *             *            *           *              *   AAC CTC AAG TTC ACC GAA GTT CAA ACC CCT AAG GGA ATC GGA CAA GTG   TTG GAG TTC AAG TGG CTT CAA GTT TGG GGA TTC CCT TAG CCT GTT CAC    N   L   K   F   T   E   V   Q   T   P   K   G   I   G   Q   V>         1160         1170          1180         1190         1200            *            *             *            *            *   CCG ACC TAT ACA GAA GGG GTT AAT CTT TCC GAA AAA GGG ATG CCT ACG   GGC TGG ATA TGT CTT CCC CAA TTA GAA AGG CTT TTT CCC TAC GGA TGC    P   T   Y   T   E   G   V   N   L   S   E   K   G   M   P   T>            1210         1220         1230          1240               *            *            *             *   CTT CCC ATT CTA TCA CGC TCT TTG GCG GTT TCA GAC ACT CGT GAG ATG   GAA GGG TAA GAT AGT GCG AGA AAC CGC CAA AGT CTG TGA GCA CTC TAC    L   P   I   L   S   R   S   L   A   V   S   D   T   R   E   M> 1250         1260          1270         1280         1290    *            *             *            *            *   AAG GTA GAG GTT GTT TCC TCA AAG TTC ATC GAA AAG AAA AAT GTC CTG   TTC CAT CTC CAA CAA AGG AGT TTC AAG TAG CTT TTC TTT TTA CAG GAC    K   V   E   V   V   G   G   K   F   I   E   K   K   N   V   L>    1300         1310         1320          1330         1340       *            *            *             *            *   ATT GCA CCC TCC AAG GGC ATG ATT ATG CGT AAC GAA GAT CCG AAA AAC   TAA CGT GGG AGG TTC CCG TAC TAA TAC GCA TTG CTT CTA GGC TTT TTC    I   A   P   S   K   G   M   I   M   R   N   E   D   P   K   K>      1350          1360         1370         1380          1390         *             *            *            *             *   ATC CCT TAC GTT TAT GGA AAG AGC TAC TCG CAA AAC AAA TTC TTC CCG   TAG GGA ATG GAA ATA CCT TTC TCG ATG AGC GTT TTG TTT AAG AAG GGC    I   P   Y   V   Y   G   K   S   Y   S   Q   N   K   F   F   P>         1400         1410          1420         1430         1440            *            *             *            *            *   GGA GAG ATC GCC ACG CTT GAT GAT CCT TTT ATC CTT CGT GAT GTG CGT   CCT CTC TAG CGG TGC GAA CTA CTA GGA AAA TAG GAA GCA CTA CAC GCA    G   E   I   A   T   L   D   D   P   F   I   L   R   D   V   R>            1450         1460         1470          1480               *            *            *             *   GGA GAG GTT GTA AAC TTT GCG CCT TTG CAG TAT AAC CCT GTG ACA AAG   CCT GTC CAA CAT TTG AAA CGC GGA AAC GTC ATA TTG GGA CAC TGT TTC    G   Q   V   V   N   F   A   P   L   Q   Y   N   P   V   T   K> 1490         1500          1510         1520         1530    *            *             *            *            *   ACG TTG CGC ATC TAT ACG GAA ATC ACT GTG GCA GTG AGC GAA ACT TCG   TGC AAC GCG TAG ATA TGC CTT TAG TGA CAC CGT CAC TCG CTT TGA AGC    T   L   R   I   Y   T   E   I   T   V   A   V   S   E   T   S>    1540         1550         1560          1570         1580       *            *            *             *            *   GAA CAA GGC AAA AAT ATT CTG AAC AAG AAA GGT ACA TTT GCC GGC TTT   CTT GTT CCG TTT TTA TAA GAC TTG TTC TTT CCA TGT AAA CGG CCG AAA    E   Q   G   K   N   I   L   N   K   K   G   T   F   A   G   F>      1590          1600         1610         1620          1630         *             *            *            *             *   GAA GAC ACA TAC AAG CGC ATG TTC ATG AAC TAC GAG CCG GGG CGT TAC   CTT CTG TGT ATG TTC GCG TAC AAG TAC TTG ATG CTC GGC CCC GCA ATG    E   D   T   Y   K   R   M   F   K   N   Y   E   P   G   R   Y>         1640         1650          1660         1670         1680            *            *             *            *            *   ACA CCG GTA GAG GAA AAA CAA AAT GGT CGT ATG ATC GTC ATC GTA GCC   TGT GGC CAT CTC CTT TTT GTT TTA CCA GCA TAC TAG CAG TAG CAT CGG    T   P   V   E   E   K   O   N   G   R   M   I   V   I   V   A>            1690         1700         1710          1720               *            *            *             *   AAA AAG TAT GAG GGA GAT ATT AAA GCT TTC GTT GAT TGG AAA AAC CAA   TTT TTC ATA CTC CCT CTA TAA TTT CTA AAG CAA CTA ACC TTT TTG GTT    K   K   V   E   G   D   I   K   D   F   V   D   W   K   N   Q> 1730         1740          1750         1760         1770    *            *             *            *            *   CGC GGT CTC CGT ACC GAG GTG AAA GTG GCA GAA GAT ATT GCT TCT CCC   GCG CCA GAG GCA TGG CTC CAC TTT CAC CGT CTT CTA TAA CGA AGA GGG    R   G   L   R   T   E   V   K   V   A   E   D   I   A   S   P>    1780         1790         1800          1810         1820       *            *            *             *            *   GTT ACA GCT AAT GCT ATT CAG CAG TTC GTT AAG CAA GAA TAC GAG AAA   CAA TGT CGA TTA CGA TAA GTC GTC AAG CAA TTC GTT CTT ATG CTC TTT    V   T   A   N   A   I   Q   Q   F   V   K   Q   E   Y   E   K>      1830          1840         1850         1860          1870         *             *            *            *             *   GAA GGT AAT GAT TTG ACC TAT GTT CTT TTG GTT GGC GAT CAC AAA GAT   CTT CCA TTA CTA AAC TGG ATA CAA GAA AAC CAA CCG CTA GTG TTT CTA    E   G   N   D   L   T   Y   V   L   L   V   G   D   H   K   D>         1880         1890          1900         1910         1920            *            *             *            *            *   ATT CCT GCC AAA ATT ACT CCG GGG ATC AAA TCC GAC CAG GTA TAT GGA   TAA GGA CGG TTT TAA TGA GGC CCC TAG TTT AGG CTG GTC CAT ATA CCT    I   P   A   K   I   T   P   G   I   K   S   D   Q   V   Y   G>            1930         1940         1950          1960               *            *            *             *   CAA ATA GTA GGT AAT GAC CAC TAC AAC GAA GTC TTC ATC GGT CGT TTC   GTT TAT CAT CCA TTA CTG GTG ATG TTG CTT CAG AAG TAG CCA GCA AAG    Q   I   V   G   N   D   H   Y   N   E   V   F   I   G   R   F> 1970         1980          1990         2000         2010    *            *             *            *            *   TCA TGT GAG AGC AAA GAG GAT CTG AAG ACA CAA ATC GAT CGG ACT ATT   AGT ACA CTC TCG TTT CTC CTA GAC TTC TGT GTT TAG CTA GCC TGA TAA    S   C   E   S   K   E   D   L   K   T   Q   I   D   R   T   I>    2020         2030         2040          2050         2060       *            *            *             *            *   CAC TAT GAG CGC AAT ATA ACC ACG GAA GAC AAA TGG CTC GGT CAG GCT   GTG ATA CTC GCG TTA TAT TGG TGC CTT CTG TTT ACC GAG CCA GTC CGA    H   Y   E   R   N   I   T   T   E   D   K   W   L   G   Q   A>      2070          2080         2090         2100          2110         *             *            *            *             *   CTT TGT ATT GCT TCG GCT GAA GGA GGC CGA TCC GCA GAC AAT GGT GAA   GAA AGA TAA CGA AGC CGA CTT CCT CCG GGT AGG CGT CTG TTA CCA CTT    L   C   I   A   S   A   E   G   G   P   S   A   D   N   G   E>         2120         2130          2140         2150         2160            *            *             *            *            *   AGT GAT ATC GAG CAT GAG AAT GTA ATC GCC AAT CTG CTT ACC CAG TAT   TCA CTA TAG GTC GTA CTC TTA CAT TAG CGG TTA GAC GAA TGG GTC ATA    S   D   I   Q   H   E   N   V   I   A   N   L   L   T   Q   Y>            2170         2180         2190          2200               *            *            *             *   GGC TAT ACC AAG ATT ATC AAA TGT TAT GAT CCG GGA GTA ACT CCT AAA   CCG ATA TGG TTC TAA TAG TTT ACA ATA CTA GGC CCT GAT TGA GGA TTT    G   Y   T   K   I   I   K   C   Y   D   P   G   V   T   P   K> 2210         2220          2230         2240         2250    *            *             *            *            *   AAC ATT ATT GAT GGT TTC AAC GGA GGA ATC TCG TTG GTC AAC TAT ACG   TTG TAA TAA CTA CGA AAG TTG CCT CCT TAG AGC AAC CAG TTG ATA TGC    N   I   I   D   A   F   N   G   G   I   S   L   V   N   Y   T>    2260         2270         2280          2290         2300       *            *            *             *            *   GGC CAC GGT AGC GAA ACA GCT TGG GGT ACG TCT CAC TTC GGC ACC ACT   CCG GTG CCA TCG CTT TGT CGA ACC CCA TGC AGA GTG AAG CCG TGG TGA    G   H   G   S   E   T   A   W   G   T   S   H   F   G   T   T>      2310          2320         2330         2340          2350         *             *            *            *             *   CAT GTG AAG CAG CTT ACC AAC AGC AAC CAG CTA CCG TTT ATT TTC GAC   GTA CAC TTC GTC GAA TGG TTG TCG TTG GTC GAT GGC AAA TAA AAG CTG    H   V   K   Q   L   T   N   S   N   Q   L   P   F   I   F   D>         2360         2370          2380         2390         2400            *            *             *            *            *   GTA GCT TGT GTG AAT GGC GAT TTC CTA TTC AGC ATG CCT TGC TTC GCA   CAT CGA ACA CAC TTA CCG CTA AAG GAT AAG TCG TAC GGA ACG AAG CGT    V   A   C   V   N   G   D   F   L   F   S   M   P   C   F   A>            2410         2420         2430          2440               *            *            *             *   GAA GCC CTG ATG CGT GCA CAA AAA GAT GGT AAG CCG ACA GGT ACT GTT   CTT CGG GAC TAC GCA CGT GTT TTT CTA CCA TTC GGC TGT CCA TGA CAA    E   A   L   M   R   A   Q   K   D   G   K   P   T   G   T   V> 2450         2460          2470         2480         2490    *            *             *            *            *   GCT ATC ATA GCG TCT ACG ATC AAC CAG TCT TGG GCT TCT CCT ATG CGC   CGA TAG TAT CGC AGA TGC TAG TTG GTC AGA ACC CGA AGA GGA TAC GCG    A   I   I   A   S   T   I   N   Q   S   W   A   S   P   M   R>    2500         2510         2520          2530         2540       *            *            *             *            *   GGG CAG GAT GAG ATG AAC GAA ATT CTG TGC GAA AAA CAC CCG AAC AAC   CCC GTC CTA CTC TAC TTG CTT TAA GAC ACG CTT TTT GTG GGC TTG TTG    G   Q   D   E   M   N   E   I   L   C   E   K   H   P   N   N>      2550          2560        2570          2580          2590         *             *           *             *             *   ATC AAG CGT ACT TTC GGT GGT GTC ACC ATG AAC GGT ATG TTT GCT ATG   TAG TTC GCA TGA AAG CCA CCA CAG TGG TAC TTG CCA TAC AAA CGA TAC    I   K   R   T   F   G   G   V   T   M   N   G   M   F   A   M>         2600         2610          2620         2630         2640            *            *             *            *            *   GTG GAA AAG TAT AAA AAG GAT GGT GAG AAG ATG CTC GAC ACA TGG ACT   CAC CTT TTC ATA TTT TTC CTA CCA CTC TTC TAC GAG CTG TGT ACC TGA    V   E   K   Y   K   K   D   G   E   K   M   L   D   T   W   T>            2650         2660         2670          2680               *            *            *             *   GTT TTC GGC GAC CCC TCG CTG CTC GTT CGT ACA CTT GTC CCG ACC AAA   CAA AAG CCG CTG GGG AGC GAC GAG CAA GCA TGT GAA CAG GGC TGG TTT    V   F   G   D   P   S   L   L   V   R   T   L   V   P   T   K> 2690         2700          2710         2720         2730    *            *             *            *            *   ATG CAG GTT ACG GCT CCG GCT CAG ATT AAT TTG ACG GAT GCT TCA GTC   TAC GTC CAA TGC CGA GGC CGA GTC TAA TTA AAC TGC CTA CGA AGT CAG    M   Q   V   T   A   P   A   Q   I   N   L   T   D   A   S   V>    2740         2750         2760          2770         2780       *            *            *             *            *   AAC GTA TCT TGC GAT TAT AAT GGT GCT ATT GCT ACC ATT TCA GCC AAT   TTG CAT AGA ACG CTA ATA TTA CCA CGA TAA CGA TGG TAA AGT CGG TTA    N   V   S   C   D   Y   N   G   A   I   A   T   I   S   A   N>      2790          2800         2810         2820          2830         *             *            *            *             *   GGA AAG ATG TTC GGT TCT GCA GTT GTC GAA AAT GGA ACA GCT ACA ATC   CCT TTC TAC AAG CCA AGA CGT CAA CAG CTT TTA CCT TGT CGA TGT TAG    G   K   M   F   G   S   A   V   V   E   N   G   T   A   T   I>         2840         2850          2860        2870          2880            *            *             *           *             *   AAT CTG ACA GGT CTG ACA AAT GAA AGC ACG CTT ACC CTT ACA GTA GTT   TTA GAC TGT CCA GAC TGT TTA CTT TCG TGC GAA TGG GAA TGT CAT CAA    N   L   T   G   L   T   N   E   S   T   L   T   L   T   V   V>            2890         2900         2910          2920               *            *            *             *   GGT TAC AAC AAA GAG ACG GTT ATT AAG ACC ATC AAC ACT AAT GGT GAG   CCA ATG TTG TTT CTC TGC CAA TAA TTC TGG TAG TTG TGA TTA CCA CTC    G   Y   N   K   E   T   V   I   K   T   I   N   T   N   G   E> 2930         2940          2950         2960         2970    *            *             *            *            *   CCT AAC CCC TAC CAG CCC GTT TCC AAC TTG ACA GCT ACA ACG CAG GGT   GGA TTG GGG ATG GTC GGG CAA AGG TTG AAC TGT CGA TGT TGC GTC CCA    P   N   P   Y   Q   P   V   S   N   L   T   A   T   T   Q   G>    2980         2990         3000          3010        3020       *            *            *             *           *   CAG AAA GTA ACG CTC AAG TGG GAT GCA CCG AGC ACG AAA ACC AAT GCA   GTC TTT CAT TGC GAG TTC ACC CTA CGT GGC TCG TGC TTT TGG TTA CGT    Q   K   V   T   L   K   W   D   A   P   S   T   K   T   N   A>      3030          3040         3050         3060          3070         *             *            *            *             *   ACC ACT AAT ACC GCT CGC AGC GTG GAT GGC ATA CGA GAA TTG GTT CTT   TGG TGA TTA TGG CGA GCG TCG CAC CTA CCG TAT GCT CTT AAC CAA GAA    T   T   N   T   A   R   S   V   D   G   I   R   E   L   V   L>         3080         3090          3100         3110         3120            *            *             *            *            *   CTG TCA GTC AGC GAT GCC CCC GAA CTT CTT CGC AGC GGT CAG GCC GAG   GAC AGT CAG TCG CTA CGG GGG CTT GAA GAA GCG TCG CCA GTC CGG CTC    L   S   V   S   D   A   P   E   L   L   R   S   G   O   A   E>            3130         3140         3150               *            *            *   ATT GTT CTT GAA GCT CAC GAT GTT TGG AAT GAT GGA TCC   TAA CAA GAA CTT CGA GTG CTA CAA ACC TTA CTA CCT AGG    I   V   L   E   A   H   D   V   W   N   D   G   S>

Exemplified nucleotide sequences encoding a mature Arg-gingipain, termed an Arg-gingipain-2 herein, extends from 1630-3105 in SEQ ID NO:3 and in SEQ ID NO:9. The first ATG appears at nucleotide 949 and is followed by a long open reading frame (ORF), of 5111 bp in Table 6 (SEQ ID NO:9). This ORF was the largest one observed. However, the first ATG is following by 8 others in frame (at nucleotides 1006, 1099, 1192, 1246, 1315, 1321, 1603, and 1609). The most likely candidate to initiate translation is currently unknown. Which of these initiation codons are used in translation of the Arg-gingipain-2 precursor can be determined by expression of the polyprotein in bacteria and subsequent amino-terminal sequence analysis of proprotein intermediates. The sequence derived from 5′ noncoding sequences is composed of 948 bp. The primary structure of the mature Arg-gingipain molecule can be inferred from the empirical amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal sequences and molecular mass. Thus, mature Arg-gingipain-2 has an amino terminus starting at nucleotide residue 1630 in SEQ ID NO:3 and at amino acid 1 in SEQ ID NO:4. As expected for an arginine-specific protease, the mature protein is cleaved after an arginine residue. The 50 kDa and the 44 kDa bands from Bz-L-Arg-pNa activity peaks have an identical sequence to that deduced amino acid sequence of gingipain, encoded respectively at nucleotides 1630-1695 and at nucleotides 3106-3156. From these data, the carboxyl terminus is most likely derived from autoproteolytic processing after the arginine residue encoded at 3103-3105 where the amino terminus encoding sequence of a hemagglutinin component starts (nucleotide 3106). The deduced 492 amino acids of gingipain-2 give rise to a protease molecule with a calculated molecular weight of 54 kDa which correlates well with the molecular mass of 50 kDa determined by SDS-PAGE analysis. Tables 5 and 6 (see also SEQ ID NO:9 and 10) presents the coding sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of gingipain-2. The first nucleotide presented in the sequence belongs to the PstI cloning site and is referred as nucleotide 1. Bold face letters indicate the potential sites of initiation ATG and the first codon of the mature gingipain-2. The amino terminal sequence of gingipain-2 and the amino terminal sequence of 44 kDa bands from Bz-L-Arg-pNa activity peaks are underlined.

Table 6 (corresponding to SEQ ID NOS:9-10) presents the nucleotide sequence encoding the complete prepolyprotein sequence, including both the protease component and the hemagglutinin component(s) of HMW Arg-gingipain. The coding sequence extends from an ATG at nucleotide 949 through a TAG stop codon at nucleotide 6063 in SEQ ID NO:9. The deduced amino acid sequence is given in SEQ ID NO:10.

TABLE 6 Sequence Range 1 to 7366      >Pst1                               >Stu1        |                                  |        |    *          *          *       |  *          *          *          *    CTGCAGAGGG CTGGTAAAGA CCGCCTCGGG ATCGAGGCCT TTGAGACGGG CACAAGCCGC CGCAGCCTCC                                 100             *          *          *          *          *          *          *    TCTTCGAAGG TGTCTCGAAC GTCCACATCG GTGAATCCGT AGCAGTGCTC ATTGCCATTG AGCAGCACCG                                                                  200             *          *          *          *          *          *          *    AGGTGTGGCG CATCAGATAT ATTTTCATCA GTGGATTATT AGGGTATCGG TCAGAAAAAG CCTTCCGAAT                                                             >Cla1                                                               |             *          *          *          *          *     |    *          *    CCGACAAAGA TAGTAGAAAG AGAGTGCATC TGAAAACAGA TCATTCGAGG ATTATCGATC AACTGAAAAG                      300             *          *          *          *          *          *          *    GCAGGAGTTG TTTTGCGTTT TGGTTCGGAA AATTACCTGA TCAGCATTCG TAAAAACGTG GCGCGAGAAT                                                       400             *          *          *          *          *          *          *    TTTTTCGTTT TGGCGCGAGA ATTAAAAATT TTTGGAACCA CAGCGAAAAA AATCTCGCGC CGTTTTCTCA             *          *          *          *          *          *          *    GGATTTACAG ACCACAATCC GAGCATTTTC GGTTCGTAAT TCATCGAAGA GACAGGTTTT ACCGCATTGA           500             *          *          *          *          *          *          *    AATCAGAGAG AGAATATCCG TAGTCCAACG GTTCATCCTT ATATCAGAGG TTAAAAGATA TGGTACGCTC                                            600             *          *          *          *          *          *          *    ATCGAGGAGC TGATTGGCTT AGTAGGTGAG ACTTTCTTAA GAGACTATCG GCACCTACAG GAAGTTCATG                                                                             700             *          *          *          *          *          *          *    GCACACAAGG CAAAGGAGGC AATCTTCGCA GACCGGACTC ATATCAAAAG GATGAAACGA CTTTTCCATA             *          *          *          *          *          *          *    CGACAACCAA ATAGCCGTCT ACGGTAGACG AATGCAAACC CAATATGAGG CCATCAATCA ATCCGAATGA                                 800             *          *          *          *          *          *          *    CAGCTTTTGG GCAATATATT ATGCATATTT TGATTCGCGT TTAAAGGAAA AGTGCATATA TTTGCGATTG                                                                  900             *          *          *          *          *          *          *    TGGTATTTCT TTCGGTTTCT ATGTGAATTT TGTCTCCCAA GAAGACTTTA TAATGCATAA ATACAGAAGG             *          *          *           *            *             *    GGTACTACAC AGTAAAATCA TATTCTAATT TCATCAAA ATG AAA AAC TTG AAC AAG TTT GTT TCG                                               M   K   N   L   N   K   F   V   S>                                 1000         *            *             *            *            *             *    ATT GCT CTT TGC TCT TCC TTA TTA GGA GGA ATG GCA TTT GCG CAG CAG ACA GAG TTG     I   A   L   C   S   S   L   L   G   G   M   A   F   A   Q   Q   T   E   L>             *            *             *            *            *    GGA CGC AAT CCG AAT GTC AGA TTG CTC GAA TCC ACT CAG CAA TCG GTG ACA AAG GTT     G   R   N   P   N   V   R   L   L   E   S   T   Q   Q   S   V   T   K   V>              1100    *            *            *             *            *            *    CAG TTC CGT ATG GAC AAC CTC AAG TTC ACC GAA GTT CAA ACC CCT AAG GGA ATC GGA     Q   F   R   M   D   N   L   K   F   T   E   V   Q   T   P   K   G   I   G>                                                                       1200        *            *            *             *            *            *    CAA GTG CCG ACT TAT ACA GAA GGG GTT AAT CTT TCC GAA AAA GGG ATG CCT ACG CTT     Q   V   P   T   Y   T   E   G   V   N   L   S   E   K   G   M   P   T   L>            *            *            *             *            *            *    CCC ATT CTA TCA CGC TCT TTG GCG GTT TCA GAC ACT CGT GAG ATG AAG GTA GAG GTT     P   I   L   S   R   S   L   A   V   S   D   T   R   E   M   K   V   E   V>                                                     1300                *            *            *             *            *    GTT TCC TCA AAG TTC ATC GAA AAG AAA AAT GTC CTG ATT GCA CCC TCC AAG GGC ATG     V   S   S   K   F   I   E   K   K   N   V   L   I   A   P   S   K   G   M>      *             *            *            *             *    ATT ATG CGT AAC GAA GAT CCG AAA AAG ATC CCT TAC GTT TAT GGA AAG AGC TAC TCG     I   M   R   N   E   D   P   K   K   I   P   Y   V   Y   G   K   S   Y   S>                                  1400          *             *            *            *             *            *    CAA ACC AAA TTC TTC CCG GGA GAG ATC GCC ACG CTT GAT GAT CCT TTT ATC CTT CGT     Q   N   K   F   F   P   G   E   I   A   T   L   D   D   P   F   I   L   R>              *             *            *            *             *    GAT GTG CGT GGA CAG GTT GTA AAC TTT GCG CCT TTG CAG TAT AAC CCT GTG ACA AAG     D   V   R   G   Q   V   V   N   F   A   P   L   Q   Y   N   P   V   T   K>               1500     *            *             *            *            *             *    ACG TTG CGC ATC TAT ACG GAA ATC ACT GTG GCA GTG AGC GAA ACT TCG GAA CAA GGC     T   L   A   I   Y   T   E   I   T   V   A   V   S   E   T   S   E   Q   G>                                                                         1600         *            *             *            *            *             *    AAA AAT ATT CTG AAC AAG AAA GGT ACA TTT GCC GGC TTT GAA GAC ACA TAC AAG CGC     K   N   I   L   N   K   K   G   T   F   A   G   F   E   D   T   Y   K   R>             *            *             *            *            *    ATG TTC ATG AAC TAC GAG CCG GGG CGT TAC ACA CCG GTA GAG GAA AAA CAA AAT GGT     M   F   M   N   Y   E   P   G   R   Y   T   P   V   E   E   K   Q   N   G>                                                      1700    *            *            *             *            *            *    CGT ATG ATC GTC ATC GTA GCC AAA AAG TAT GAG GGA GAT ATT AAA GAT TTC GTT GAT     R   M   I   V   I   V   A   K   K   Y   E   G   D   I   K   D   F   V   D>        *            *            *             *            *            *    TGG AAA AAC CAA CGC GGT CTC CGT ACC GAG GTG AAA GTG GCA GAA GAT ATT GCT TCT     W   K   N   Q   R   G   L   R   T   E   V   K   V   A   E   D   I   A   S>                                   1800            *            *            *             *            *            *    CCC GTT ACA GCT AAT GCT ATT CAG CAG TTC GTT AAG CAA GAA TAC GAG AAA GAA GGT     P   V   T   A   N   A   I   Q   Q   F   V   K   Q   E   Y   E   K   E   G>                *            *            *             *            *    AAT GAT TTG ACC TAT GTT CTT TTG GTT GGC GAT CAC AAA GAT ATT CCT GCC AAA ATT     N   D   L   T   Y   V   L   L   V   G   D   H   K   D   I   P   A   K   I>                 1900      *             *            *            *             *            *    ACT CCG GGG ATC AAA TCC GAC CAG GTA TAT GGA CAA ATA GTA GGT AAT GAC CAC TAC     T   P   G   I   K   S   D   Q   V   Y   G   Q   I   V   G   N   D   H   Y>                                                                          2000          *             *            *            *             *            *    AAC GAA GTC TTC ATC GGT CGT TTC TCA TGT GAG AGC AAA GAG GAT CTG AAG ACA CAA     N   E   V   F   I   G   R   F   S   C   E   S   K   E   D   L   K   T   Q>   >Clal     |     |        *             *            *             *             *    ATC GAT CGG ACT ATT CAC TAT GAG CGC AAT ATA ACC ACG GAA GAC AAA TGG CTC GGT     I   D   A   T   I   H   Y   E   R   N   I   T   T   E   D   K   W   L   G>                                                       2100     *            *             *            *            *             *    CAG GCT CTT TGT ATT GCT TCG GCT GAA GGA GGC CCA TCC GCA GAC AAT GGT GAA AGT     Q   A   L   C   I   A   S   A   E   G   G   P   E   A   D   N   G   E   S>    >EcoR5      |      |  *            *             *            *            *             *    GAT ATC CAG CAT GAG AAT GTA ATC GCC AAT CTG CTT ACC CAG TAT GGC TAT ACC AAG     D   I   Q   H   E   N   V   I   A   N   L   L   T   Q   Y   G   Y   T   K>                                     2200             *            *             *            *            *    ATT ATC AAA TGT TAT GAT CCG GGA GTA ACT CCT AAA AAC ATT ATT GAT GCT TTC AAC     I   I   K   C   Y   D   P   G   V   T   P   K   N   I   I   D   A   F   N>    *            *            *             *            *            *    GGA GGA ATC TCG TTG GTC AAC TAT ACG GGC CAC GGT AGC GAA ACA GCT TGG GGT ACG     G   G   I   S   L   V   N   Y   T   G   H   G   S   E   T   A   W   G   T>                  2300        *            *            *             *            *            *    TCT CAC TTC GGC ACC ACT CAT GTG AAG CAG CTT ACC AAC AGC AAC CAG CTA CCG TTT     S   H   F   G   T   T   H   V   K   Q   L   T   N   S   N   Q   L   P   F>                                                            >Sphl                                                              |                                                              |            2400            *            *            *             *         |  *            *    ATT TTC GAC GTA GCT TGT GTG AAT GGC GAT TTC CTA TTC AGC ATG CCT TGC TTC GCA     I   F   D   V   A   C   V   N   G   D   F   L   F   S   M   P   C   F   A>                *            *            *             *            *    GAA GCC CTG ATG CGT GCA CAA AAA GAT GGT AAG CCG ACA GGT ACT GTT GCT ATC ATA     E   A   L   M   R   A   Q   K   D   G   K   P   T   G   T   V   A   I   I>                                                         2500      *             *            *            *             *            *    GCG TCT ACG ATC AAC CAG TCT TGG GCT TCT CCT ATG CGC GGG CAG GAT GAT ATG AAC     A   S   T   I   N   Q   S   W   A   S   P   M   R   G   Q   D   E   M   N>          *             *            *            *             *            *    GAA ATT CTG TGC GAA AAA CAC CCG AAC AAC ATC AAG CGT ACT TTC GGT GGT GTC ACC     E   I   L   C   E   K   H   P   N   N   I   K   R   T   F   G   G   V   T>                                      2600              *             *            *            *             *    ATG AAC GGT ATG TTT GCT ATG GTG GAA AAG TCT AAA AAG GAT GGT GAG AAG ATG CTC     M   N   G   M   F   A   M   V   E   K   Y   K   K   D   G   E   K   M   L>     *            *             *            *            *             *    GAC ACA TGG ACT GTT TTC GGC GAC CCC TCG CTG CTC GTT CGT ACA CTT GTC CCG ACC     D   T   W   T   V   F   G   D   P   S   L   L   V   R   T   L   V   P   T>                   2700         *            *             *            *            *             *    AAA ATG CAG GTT ACG GCT CCG GCT CAG ATT AAT TTG ACG GAT GCT TCA GTC AAC GTA     K   M   Q   V   T   A   P   A   Q   I   N   L   T   D   A   S   V   N   V>             *            *             *            *            *    TCT TGC GAT TAT AAT GGT GCT ATT GCT ACC ATT TCA GCC AAT GGA AAG ATG TTC GGT     S   C   D   Y   N   G   A   I   A   T   I   S   A   N   G   K   M   F   G>        >Pst1          | 2800     |    *     |      *            *             *            *            *    TCT GCA GTT GTC GAA AAT GGA ACA GTC ACA ATC AAT CTG ACA GGT CTG ACA AAT GAA     S   A   V   V   E   N   G   T   A   T   I   N   L   T   G   L   T   N   E>                                                          2900        *            *            *            *             *            *    AGC ACG CTT ACC CTT ACA GTA GTT GGT TAC AAC AAA GAG ACG GTT ATT AAG ACT ATC     S   T   L   T   L   T   V   V   G   Y   N   K   E   T   V   I   K   T   I>            *            *            *             *            *            *    AAC ACT AAT GGT GAG CCT AAC CCC TAC CAG CCC GTT TCT AAC TTG ACA GCT ACA ACG     N   T   N   G   E   P   N   P   Y   Q   P   V   S   N   L   T   A   T   T>                                       3000                *            *            *             *            *    CAG GGT CAG AAA GTA ACG CTC AAG TGG GAT GCA CCG AGC ACG AAA ACC AAT GCA ACC     Q   G   Q   K   V   T   L   K   W   D   A   P   S   T   E   T   N   A   T>      *             *            *            *             *            *    ACT AAT ACC GCT CGC AGC GTG GAT GGC ATA CGA GAA TTG GTT CTT CTG TCA GTC AGC     T   N   T   A   R   S   V   D   G   I   R   E   L   V   L   L   S   V   S>                     3100          *             *            *            *             *            *    GAT GCC CCC GAA CTT CTT CGC AGC GGT CAG GCC GAG ATT GTT CTT GAA GCT CAC GAT     D   A   P   E   L   L   R   S   G   Q   A   E   I   V   L   E   A   E   D>                  >BamH1                    |              *     |       *            *            *             *    GTT TGG AAT GAT GGA TCC GGT TAT CAG ATT CTT TTG GAT GCA GAC CAT GAT CAA TAT     V   W   N   D   G   S   G   Y   Q   I   L   L   D   A   D   H   D   Q   Y>  3200     *            *             *            *            *             *    GGA CAG GTT ATA CCC AGT GAT ACC CAT ACT CTT TGG CCG AAC TGT AGT GTC CCG GCC     G   Q   V   I   P   S   D   T   H   T   L   W   P   N   C   S   V   P   A>                                                           3300         *            *             *            *            *             *    AAT CTG TTC GCT CCG TTC GAA TAT ACT GTT CCG GAA AAT GCA GAT CCT TCT TGT TCC     S   L   F   A   P   F   E   Y   T   V   P   E   N   A   D   P   S   C   S>             *            *             *            *            *    CCT ACC AAT ATG ATA ATG GAT GGT ACT GCA TCC GTT AAT ATA CCG GCC GGA ACT TAT     P   T   N   M   I   M   D   G   T   A   S   V   N   I   P   A   G   T   Y>                                         3400    *            *            *             *            *            *    GAC TTT GCA ATT GCT GCT CCT CAA GCA AAT GCA AAG ATT TGG ATT GCC GGA CAA GGA     D   F   A   I   A   A   P   Q   A   N   A   K   I   W   I   A   G   Q   G>        *            *            *             *            *            *    CCG ACG AAA GAA GAT GAT TAT GTA TTT GAA GCC GGT AAA AAA TAC CAT TTC CTT ATG     P   T   K   E   D   D   Y   V   F   E   A   G   K   K   Y   E   F   L   M>                      3500            *            *            *             *            *            *    AAG AAG ATG GGT AGC GGT GAT GGA ACT GAA TTG ACT ATA AGC GAA GGT GGT GGA AGC     K   K   M   G   S   G   D   G   T   E   L   T   I   S   E   G   G   G   S>                *            *            *             *            *    GAT TAC ACC TAT ACT GTC TAT CGT GAC GGC ACG AAG ATC AAG GAA GGT CTG ACG GCT     D   Y   T   Y   T   V   Y   R   D   G   T   K   I   K   E   G   L   T   A>   3600      *             *            *            *             *            *    ACG ACA TTC GAA GAA GAC GGT GTA GCT ACG GGC AAT CAT GAG TAT TGC GTG GAA GTT     T   T   F   E   E   D   G   V   A   T   G   N   H   E   Y   C   V   E   V>                                                                      >BamH1                                                                        |                                                             3700       |          *             *            *            *             *       |    *    AAG TAC ACA GCC GGC GTA TCT CCG AAG GTA TGT AAA GAC GGT ACG GTA GAA GGA TCC     K   Y   T   A   G   V   S   P   K   V   C   K   D   V   T   V   E   G   S>              *             *            *            *             *    AAT GAA TTT GCT CCT GTA CAG AAC CTG ACC GGT AGT GCA GTC GGC CAG AAA TGA ACG     N   E   F   A   P   V   Q   N   L   T   G   S   A   V   G   Q   K   V   T>                             >Asp718                                |                                |         3800     *            *             *            *            *             *    CTC AAG TGG GAT GCA CCT AAT GGT ACC CCG AAT CCA AAT CCG AAT CCG AAT CCG AAT     L   K   W   D   A   P   N   G   T   P   N   P   N   P   N   P   N   P   N>         *            *             *            *            *             *    CCC GGA ACA ACA ACA CTT TCC GAA TCA TTC GAA AAT GGT AAT CCT GCC TCA TGG AAG     P   G   T   T   T   L   S   E   S   F   E   N   G   I   P   A   S   W   K>       >Cla1         |         |             3900         |   *            *             *            *            *    ACG ATC GAT GCA GAC GGT GAC GGG CAT GGC TGG AAG CCT GGA AAT GCT CCC GGA ATC     T   I   D   A   D   G   D   G   K   G   W   K   P   G   N   A   P   G   I>    *            *            *             *            *            *    GCT GGC TAC AAT AGC AAT GGT TGT GTA TAT TCA GAG TCA TTC GGT CTT GGT GGT ATA     A   G   Y   N   S   N   G   C   V   Y   S   E   S   F   G   L   G   G   I>     4000        *            *            *             *            *            *    GGA CTT CTT ACC CCT GAC AAC TAT CTG ATA ACA CCG GCA TTG GAT TTG CCT AAC GGA     G   V   L   T   P   D   N   Y   L   I   T   P   A   L   D   L   P   N   G>                                                              4100            *            *            *             *            *            *    GGT AAG TTG ACT TTC TGG GTA TGC GCA CAG GAT GCT AAT TAT GCA TCC GAG CAC TAT     G   K   L   T   F   W   V   C   A   Q   D   A   N   Y   A   S   E   H   Y>                *            *            *             *          *    GCG GTG TAT GCA TCT TCG ACC GGT AAC GAT GCA TCC AAC TTC ACG AAT GCT TTG TTG     A   V   Y   A   S   S   T   G   N   D   A   S   N   F   T   N   A   L   L>                                           4200      *             *            *            *             *            *    GAA GAG ACG ATT ACG GCA AAA GGT GGT CGC TCG CCG GAA GCT ATT CGT GGT CGT ATA     E   E   T   I   T   A   K   G   V   R   S   P   E   A   I   R   G   A   I>          *             *            *            *             *            *    CAG GGT ACT TGG CGC CAG AAG ACG GTA GAC CTT CCC GCA GGT ACG AAA TAT GTT GCT     Q   G   T   W   R   Q   K   T   V   D   L   P   A   G   T   K   Y   V   A>                         4300              *             *            *            *             *    TTC CGT CAC TTC CAA AGC ACG GAT ATG TTC TAC ATC GAC CTT GAT GAG GTT GAG ATC     F   R   H   F   Q   S   T   D   M   F   Y   I   D   L   D   E   V   E   I>     *            *             *            *            *             *    AAG GCC AAC GGC AAG CGC GCA GAC TTC ACG GAA ACG TTC GAG TCT TCT ACT CAT GGA     K   A   N   G   K   R   A   D   F   T   E   T   F   E   S   S   T   H   G>                                   >Cla1                                     |      4400                           |         *            *             *|           *            *             *    GAG GCA CCG GCG GAA TGG ACT ACT ATC GAT GCC GAT GGC GAT GGT CAG GGT TGG CTC     E   A   P   A   E   W   T   T   I   D   A   D   G   D   G   Q   G   W   L>                                                               4500             *            *             *            *            *    TGT CTG TCT TCC GGA CAA TTG GAC TGG CTG ACA GCT CAT GGC GGC ACC AAC GTA GTA     C   L   S   S   G   Q   L   D   W   L   T   A   H   G   G   T   N   V   V>    *            *            *             *            *            *    GCC TCT TTT TCA TGG AAT GGA ATG GCT TTG AAT CCT GAT AAC TAT CTC ATC TCA AAG     A   S   F   S   W   N   G   M   A   L   N   P   D   N   Y   L   I   S   K>                                             4600        *            *            *             *            *            *    GAT GTT ACA GGC GCA ACG AAG GTA AAG TAC TAC TAT GCA GTC AAC GAC GGT TTT CCC     D   V   T   G   A   T   K   V   K   Y   Y   Y   A   V   N   D   G   F   P>            *            *            *             *            *            *    GGG GAT CAC TAT GCG GTG ATG ATC TCC AAG ACG GGC ACG AAC GCC GGA GAC TTC ACG     G   D   H   Y   A   V   M   I   S   K   T   G   T   N   A   G   D   F   T>                          4700                *            *            *             *            *    GTT GTT TTC GAA GAA ACG CCT AAC GGA ATA AAT AAG GGC GGA GCA AGA TTC GGT CTT     V   V   F   E   E   T   P   N   G   I   N   K   G   G   A   R   F   G   L>      *             *            *            *             *            *    TCC ACG GAA GCC AAT GGC GCC AAA CCT CAA AGT GTA TGG ATC GAG CGT ACG GTA GAT     S   T   E   A   N   G   A   K   P   Q   S   V   W   I   E   R   T   V   D>       4800          *             *            *            *             *            *    TTG CCT GCG GGC ACG AAG TAT GTT GCT TTC CGT CAC TAC AAT TGC TCG GAT TTG AAC     D   P   A   G   T   K   Y   V   A   F   A   H   Y   N   C   S   D   L   N>                                       >Nco1                                         |                                         |                       4900              *             *            *            *             *    TAC ATT CTT TTG GAT GAT ATT CAG TTC ACC ATG GGT GGC AGC CCC ACC CCG ACC GAT     Y   I   L   L   D   D   I   Q   F   T   M   G   G   S   P   T   P   T   D>     *            *             *            *            *             *    TAT ACC TAC ACG GTG TAT CGT GAC GGT ACG AAG ATC AAG GAA GGT CTG ACC GAA ACG     Y   T   Y   T   V   Y   R   D   G   T   K   I   K   E   G   L   T   E   T>                                              5000         *            *             *            *            *             *    ACC TTC GAA GAA GAC GGC GTA GCT ACA GGC AAT CAT GAG TAT TGC GTG GAA GTG AAG     T   F   E   E   D   G   V   A   T   G   N   H   E   Y   C   V   E   V   K>             *            *             *            *            *    TAC ACA GCC GGC GTA TCT CCG AAA GAG TGC GTA AAC GTA ACT ATT AAT CCG ACT CAG     Y   T   A   G   V   S   P   K   E   C   V   N   V   T   I   N   P   T   Q>                           5100    *            *            *             *            *            *    TTC AAT CCT GTA AAG AAC CTG AAG GCA CAA CCG GAT GGC GGC CAC GTG GTT CTC AAG     F   N   P   V   K   N   L   K   A   Q   P   D   G   G   D   V   V   L   K>        *            *            *             *            *            *    TGG GAA GCC CCG AGC GCA AAA AAG ACA GAA GGT TCT CGT GAA GTA AAA CGG ATC GGA     W   E   A   P   S   A   K   K   T   E   G   S   R   E   V   K   R   I   G>         5200            *            *            *             *            *            *    GAC GGT CTT TTC GTT ACG ATC GAA CCT GCA AAC GAT GTA CGT GCC AAC GAA GCC AAG     D   G   L   F   V   T   I   E   P   A   N   D   V   R   A   N   E   A   K>                                                                  5300                *            *            *             *            *    GTT GTG CTC GCA GCA GAC AAC GTA TGG GGA GAC AAT ACG GGT TAC CAG TTC TTG TTG     V   V   L   A   A   D   N   V   W   G   D   N   T   G   Y   Q   F   L   L>      *             *            *            *             *            *    GAT GCC GAT CAC AAT ACA TTC GGA AGT GTC ATT CCG GCA ACC GGT CCT CTC TTT ACC     D   A   D   H   N   T   F   G   S   V   I   P   A   T   G   P   L   F   T>                                               5400          *             *            *            *             *            *    GGA ACA GCT TCT TCC AAT CTT TAC AGT GCG AAC TTC GAG TAT TTG ATC CCG GCC AAT     G   T   A   S   S   N   L   T   S   A   N   F   E   Y   L   I   P   A   N>              *             *            *            *             *    GCC GAT CCT GTT GTT ACT ACA CAG AAT ATT ATC GTT ACA GGA CAG GGT GAA GTT GTA     A   D   P   V   V   T   T   Q   N   I   I   V   T   G   Q   G   E   V   V>                             5500     *            *             *            *            *             *    ATC CCC GGT GGT GTT TAC GAC TAT TGC ATT ACG AAC CCG GAA CCT GCA TCC GGA AAG     I   P   G   G   V   Y   D   Y   C   I   T   N   P   E   P   A   S   G   K>         *            *             *            *            *             *    ATG TGG ATC GCA GGA GAT GGA GGC AAC CAG CCT GCA CGT TAT GAC GAT TTC ACA TTC     M   W   I   A   G   D   G   G   N   Q   P   A   R   Y   D   D   F   T   F>          5600             *            *             *            *            *    GAA GCA GGC AAG AAG TAC ACC TTC ACG ATG CGT CGC GCC GGA ATG GGA GAT GGA ACT     E   A   G   K   K   Y   T   F   T   M   R   R   A   G   M   G   D   G   T>                                                                   5700    *            *            *             *            *            *    GAT ATG GAA GTC GAA GAC GAT TCA CCT GCA AGC TAT ACC TAT ACA GTC TAT CGT GAC     D   M   E   V   E   D   D   S   P   A   S   Y   T   Y   T   V   Y   A   D>        *            *            *             *            *            *    GGC ACG AAG ATC AAG GAA GGT CTG ACC GAA ACG ACC TAC CGC CAT GCA GGA ATG AGT     G   T   K   I   K   E   G   L   T   E   T   T   Y   A   D   A   G   M   S>                                                 5800            *            *            *             *            *            *    GCA CAA TCT CAT GAG TAT TGC GTA GAG GTT AAG TAC GCA GCC GGC GTA TCT CCG AAG     A   Q   S   H   E   Y   C   V   E   V   K   Y   A   A   G   V   S   P   K>                *            *            *             *            *    GTT TGT GTG GAT TAT ATT CCT GAC GGA GTG GCA GAC GTA ACG GCT CAG AAG CCT TAC     V   C   V   D   Y   I   P   D   G   V   A   D   V   T   A   Q   K   P   Y>                              5900      *             *            *            *             *            *    ACG CTG ACA GTT GTT GGA AAG ACG ATC ACG GTA ACT TGC CAA GGC GAA GCT ATG ATC     T   L   T   V   V   G   K   T   I   T   V   T   C   Q   G   E   A   M   I>          *             *            *            *             *            *    TAC GAC ATG AAC GGT CGT CGT CTG GCA GCC GGT CGC AAC ACA GTT GTT TAC ACG GCT     Y   D   M   N   G   R   R   L   A   A   G   R   N   T   V   V   Y   T   A>           6000              *             *            *            *             *    CAG GGC GGC TAC TAT GCA GTC ATG GTT GTC GTT GAC GGC AAG TCT TAC GTA GAG AAA     Q   G   G   Y   Y   A   V   M   V   V   V   D   G   K   S   Y   V   E   K>                                                            6100     *            *           *          *          *          *          *    CTC GCT GTA AAG TAA TTCTGTC TTGGACTCGG AGACTTTGTG CAGACACTTT TAATATAGGT     L   A   V   K   *>                           >Cla1                             |             *          *    |     *          *          *          *          *    CTGTAATTGT CTCAGAGTAT GAATCGATCG CCCGACCTCC TTTTAAGGAA TGCTGGGCGA CTTCGTTTTT                     6200             *          *          *          *          *          *          *    ATGCCTATTA TTCTAATATA CTTCTGAAAC AATTTGTTCC AAAAAGTTGC ATGAAAAGAT TATCTTACTA                                                      6300             *          *          *          *          *          *          *    TCTTTGCACT GCAAAAGGGG AGTTTCCTAA GGTTTTCCCC GGAGTAGTAC GGTAATAACG GTGTGGTAGT     >Pvu2       |       |     *          *          *          *          *          *          *    TCAGCTGGTT AGAATACCTG CCTGTCACGC AGGGGGTCGC GGGTTCGAGT CCCGTCCATA CCGCTAAATA          6400             *          *          *          *          *          *          *    GCTGAAAGAT AGGCTATAGG TCATCTGAAG CAATTTTAGA AACGAATCCA AAAGCGTCTT AATTCCAACG                                           6500             *          *          *          *          *          *          *    AATTAAGGCG CTTTTTCTTT GTCGCCACCC CACACGTCGG ATGAGGTTCG GAATAGGCGT ATATTCCGTA                                                                            6600             *          *          *          *          *          *          *    AATATGCCTC CGGTGGTTCC ATTTTGGTTA CAAAAAACAA AGGGGCTGAA AATTGTAACC ACAGACGACG                                                    >Nde1                                                      |             *          *          *          *       |  *          *          *    TTAAGACGAT GTTTAGACGA TTGACAAATT ACTCTGTTTC AAAATCATAT GTCGAACTTT GTAGCCGTAT                                6700             *          *          *          *          *          *          *    GGTTACACTA ATTTTGGAGC AAAATGAAGA GTCAATTTCG TTCAGTTTTT TACTTGCGCA GCAATTACAT                                                                 6800             *          *          *          *          *          *          *    CAACAAAGAA GGTAAAACTC CTGTCCTTAT TCGTATTTAT CTGAATAAGG AACGCCTGTC GTTGGGTTCG             *          *          *          *          *          *          *    ACAGGGCTGG CTGTTAATCC CATACAATGG GATTCAGAAA AAGAGAAAGT CAAAGGACAT AGTGCAGAAG                     6900             *          *          *          *          *          *          *    CACTTGAAGT CAATCGAAAG ATCGAAGAAA TCAGGGCTGA TATTCTGACC ATTTACAAAC GTTTGGAAGT                                                      7000             *          *          *          *          *          *          *    AACAGTAGAT GATTTGACGC CGGAGAGGAT CAAATCGGAA TACTGCGGAC AGACGGATAC ATTAAACAGT             *          *          *          *          *          *          *    ATAGTGGAAC TTTTCGATAA ACATAACGAG GATGTCCGGG CCCAGGTGGG AATCAATAAA ACGGCTGCCA          7100             *          *          *          *          *          *          *    CTTTACAAAA ATACGAAAAC AGCAAACGGC ATTTTACCCG ATTCCTCAAA GCGAAGTACA CACGAACGGA                                           7200             *          *          *          *          *          *          *    TCTCAAATTC TCAGAGCTTA CCCCGTTGGT CATTCATAAC TTTGAGATAT ATCTGCTGAC TGTAGCCCAT                                   >Hind3                                     |             *          *          * |    TGTTGCCCGA ATACGGCAAC CAAAATCTTG AAGCTT

A comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of gingipain-2 with sequences of cysteine proteases indicates some homology around the residues making up the active site (Chua et al. 1988, J. Exp. Med. 167, 175-182) (Table 7). The homology between gingipain-2 and cysteine proteases is underlined and is encoded at nucleotide residues 2743 to 2781 in Table 5.

TABLE 7 Composite alignment of the deduced partial amino acid sequence of gingipain-2 with sequences of known cysteine proteases Gingipain: SCDYNGAIATI SA (SEQ ID NO:11) Der p 1: SCWAFSGVAATFSA (SEQ ID NO:12) Rat cathepsin H: SCWIFSTIGALFSA (SEQ ID NO.13) Chinese gooseberry GCWAFSAIATVEGI (SEQ ID NO:14) actinidin: Papaya papain: SCWAFSAVVTIFGI (SEQ ID NO:15) Human cathepsin B: SCWAFGAVEAISDR (SEQ ID NO:16)

The first serine residue of the proteolytic component of High Molecular Weight Arg-gingipain shown in this table is encoded at nucleotides 2743-2745 of SEQ ID NO:4. SEQ ID NO:4 comprises the exemplified coding sequence for the Arg-gingipain-2 mature protein fromP. gingivalis strain H66 (see also Tables 5 and 6). The skilled artisan recognizes that other P. gingivalis strains can have coding sequences for a protein with the distinguishing characteristics of an Arg-gingipain; those coding sequences may be identical to or synonymous with the exemplified coding sequence, or there may be some variation(s) in the encoded amino acid sequence. An Arg-gingipain coding sequence from a P. gingivalis strain other than H66 can be identified by, e.g. hybridization to a polynucleotide or an oligonucleotide having the whole or a portion of the exemplified coding sequence for mature gingipain, under stringency conditions appropriate to detect a sequence of at least 70% homology.

Cleavage of the precursor protein after the Arg residue at amino acid 227 removes the N-terminal precursor portion and after the Arg residue at amino acid 719, 1091 and 1429 releases a low molecular weight Arg-gingipain and three hemagglutinin components. The 44 kDa hemagglutin component has an amino acid sequence as given in SEQ ID NO:10 from 720-1091, with calculated molecular weight of 39.4 kDa, consistent with that estimated by gel electrophoresis. The 17 kDa hemagglutinin component has an amino acid sequence as given in SEQ ID NO:10 at amino acids 1092-1429, and a calculated molecular weight of 37.1 kDa. The 27 KDa hemagglutinin component has an amino acid sequence extending from amino acids 1430-1704 in SEQ ID NO:10, and a calculated molecular weight of 29.6 kDa.

TABLE 8 Alignment of Hemagglutinin Domain Sequences shown in FIG. 2. RGP¹ amino acids 670-674 of SEQ ID NO:10 LtaTT HGP-44kDa² amino acids 865-913 of SEQ ID NO:10 dYTYTVYRDGKIKEGLTaTTfeedGvatgnHEYCVEVKYtAGVSPKvC HGP-17kDa amino acids 1320-1368 of SEQ ID NO:10 dYTYTVYRDGKIKEGLTeTTfeedGvatgnHEYCVEVKYtAGVSPKeC HGP-27kDa amino acids 1580-1626 of SEQ ID NO:10 sYTYTVYRDGKIKEGLTeTTyrdaGmsaqsHEYCVEVKYaAGVSPKvC ¹RGP means Arg-gingipain proteolytic component ²HGP means Hemagglutinin protein component

Table 8 is the result of sequence comparison of the 44 kDa, 27 kDa and 17 kDa hemagglutinin domains of Arg-gingipain complexes, alignment of regions of amino acid identity, which without wishing to be the domains responsible for hemagglutinin activity. Identical amino acids among all hemagglutinin domains are in capital letters, and amino acids which are not conserved are shown in lower case letters. In the case of the proteolytic component, only a limited region with significant match is shown.

A genomic DNA library was also prepared from virulent P. gingivalis W50. Two clones were identified as containing Arg-gingipain coding sequence. 0.5 and 3.5 kb BamHI fragments were sequenced; it exhibited 99% nucleotide sequence identity with about 3160 plus 557 bp of P. gingivalis H66 DNA containing Arg-gingipain coding sequence. A comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the encoded Arg-gingipain sequences revealed 99% identity.

Tables 5 and 6 both represent sequences from P. gingivalis. However, it is understood that there will be some variations in the amino acid sequences and encoding nucleic acid sequences for Arg-gingipain from different P. gingivalis strains. The ordinary skilled artisan can readily identify and isolate Arg-gingipain-encoding sequences from other strains where there is at least 70% homology to the specifically exemplified sequences herein using the sequences provided herein taken with what is well known to the art. Also within the scope of the present invention are Arg-gingipain where the protease or proteolytic component has at least about 85% amino acid sequence identity with an amino acid sequence exemplified herein.

It is also understood by the skilled artisan that there can be limited numbers of amino acid substitutions in a protein without significantly affecting function, and that nonexemplified gingipain-1 proteins can have some amino acid sequence diversion from the exemplified amino acid sequence. Such naturally occurring variants can be identified, e.g., by hybridization to the exemplified (mature) Arg-gingipain-2 coding sequence (or a portion thereof capable of specific hybridization to Arg-gingipain sequences) under conditions appropriate to detect at least about 70% nucleotide sequence homology, preferably about 80%, more preferably about 90% and most preferably 95-100% sequence homology. Preferably the encoded Arg-gingipain protease or proteolytic component has at least about 85% amino acid sequence identity to an exemplified Arg-gingipain amino acid sequence.

It is well known in the biological arts that certain amino acid substitutions can be made in protein sequences without affecting the function of the protein. Generally, conservative amino acids are tolerated without affecting protein function. Similar amino acids can be those that are similar in size and/or charge properties, for example, aspartate and glutamate and isoleucine and valine are both pairs of similar amino acids. Similarity between amino acid pairs has been assessed in the art in a number of ways. For example, Dayhoff et al. (1978) in Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure, Volume 5, Supplement 3, Chapter 22, pages 345-352, which is incorporated by reference herein, provides frequency tables for amino acid substitutions which can be employed as a measure of amino acid similarity. Dayhoff et al.'s frequency tables are based on comparisons of amino acid sequences for proteins having the same function from a variety of evolutionarily different sources.

The skilled artisan recognizes that other P. gingivalis strains can have coding sequences for a protein with the distinguishing characteristics of an Arg-gingipain; those coding sequences may be identical to or synonymous with the exemplified coding sequence, or there may be some variation(s) in the encoded amino acid sequence. An Arg-gingipain coding sequence from a P. gingivalis strain other than H66 can be identified by, e.g. hybridization to a polynucleotide or an oligonucleotide having the whole or a portion of the exemplified coding sequence for mature gingipain, under stringency conditions appropriate to detect a sequence of at least 70% homology.

A polynucleotide or fragment thereof is “substantially homologous” (or “substantially similar”) to another polynucleotide if, when optimally aligned (with appropriate nucleotide insertions or deletions) with another polynucleotide, there is nucleotide sequence identity for approximately 60% of the nucleotide bases, usually approximately 70%, more usually about 80%, preferably about 90%, and more preferably about 95% to 100% of the nucleotide bases.

Alternatively, substantial homology (or similarity) exists when a polynucleotide or fragment thereof will hybridize to another under polynucleotide under selective hybridization conditions. Selectivity of hybridization exists under hybridization conditions which allow one to distinguish the target polynucleotide of interest from other polynucleotides. Typically, selective hybridization will occur when there is approximately 55% similarity over a stretch of about 14 nucleotides, preferably approximately 65%, more preferably approximately 75%, and most preferably approximately 90%. See Kanehisa (1984) Nuc. Acids Res., 12:203-213. The length of homology comparison, as described, may be over longer stretches, and in certain embodiments will often be over a stretch of about 17 to 20 nucleotides, and preferably about 36 or more nucleotides.

The hybridization of polynucleotides is affected by such conditions as salt concentration, temperature, or organic solvents, in addition to the base composition, length of the complementary strands, and the number of nucleotide base mismatches between the hybridizing polynucleotides, as will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art. Stringent temperature conditions will generally include temperatures in excess of 30° C., typically in excess of 37° C., and preferably in excess of 45° C. Stringent salt conditions will ordinarily be less than 1 M, typically less than 500 mM, and preferably less than 200 mM. However, the combination of parameters is much more important than the measure of any single parameter (Wetmur and Davidson (1968) J. Mol. Biol. 31, 349-370).

An “isolated” or “substantially pure” polynucleotide is a polynucleotide which is substantially separated from other polynucleotide sequences which naturally accompany a native gingipain-1 sequence. The term embraces a polynucleotide sequence which has been removed from its naturally occurring environment, and includes recombinant or cloned DNA isolates, chemically synthesized analogues and analogues biologically synthesized by heterologous systems.

A polynucleotide is said to “encode” a polypeptide if, in its native state or when manipulated by methods known to those skilled in the art, it can be transcribed and/or translated to produce the polypeptide of a fragment thereof. The anti-sense strand of such a polynucleotide is also said to encode the sequence.

A nucleotide sequence is operably linked when it is placed into a functional relationship with another nucleotide sequence. For instance, a promoter is operably linked to a coding sequence if the promoter affects its transcription or expression. Generally, operably linked means that the sequences being linked are contiguous and, where necessary to join two protein coding regions, contiguous and in reading frame. However, it is well known that certain genetic elements, such as enhancers, may be operably linked even at a distance, i.e., even if not contiguous.

The term “recombinant” polynucleotide refers to a polynucleotide which is made by the combination of two otherwise separated segments of sequence accomplished by the artificial manipulation of isolated segments of polynucleotides by genetic engineering techniques or by chemical synthesis. In so doing one may join together polynucleotide segments of desired functions to generate a desired combination of functions.

Polynucleotide probes include an isolated polynucleotide attached to a label or reporter molecule and may be used to identify and isolate other Arg-gingipain coding sequences. Probes comprising synthetic oligonucleotides or other polynucleotides may be derived from naturally occurring or recombinant single or double stranded nucleic acids or be chemically synthesized. Polynucleotide probes may be labelled by any of the methods known in the art, e.g., random hexamer labeling, nick translation, or the Klenow fill-in reaction.

Large amounts of the polynucleotides may be produced by replication in a suitable host cell. Natural or synthetic DNA fragments coding for a proteinase or a fragment thereof will be incorporated into recombinant polynucleotide constructs, typically DNA constructs, capable of introduction into and replication in a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell. Usually the construct will be suitable for replication in a unicellular host, such as yeast or bacteria, but a multicellular eukaryotic host may also be appropriate, with or without integration within the genome of the host cells. Commonly used prokaryotic hosts include strains of Escherichia coli, although other prokaryotes, such as Bacillus subtilis or Pseudomonas may also be used. Mammalian or other eukaryotic host cells include yeast, filamentous fungi, plant, insect, amphibian and avian species. Such factors as ease of manipulation, ability to appropriately glycosylate expressed proteins, degree and control of protein expression, ease of purification of expressed proteins away from cellular contaminants or other factors may determine the choice of the host cell.

The polynucleotides may also be produced by chemical synthesis, e.g., by the phosphoramidite method described by Beaucage and Caruthers (1981) Tetra. Letts., 22: 1859-1862 or the triester method according to Matteuci et al. (1981) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 103: 3185, and may be performed on commercial automated oligonucleotide synthesizers. A double-stranded fragment may be obtained from the single stranded product of chemical synthesis either by synthesizing the complementary strand and annealing the strand together under appropriate conditions or by adding the complementary strand using DNA polymerase with an appropriate primer sequence.

DNA constructs prepared for introduction into a prokaryotic or eukaryotic host will typically comprise a replication system (i.e. vector) recognized by the host, including the intended DNA fragment encoding the desired polypeptide, and will preferably also include transcription and translational initiation regulatory sequences operably linked to the polypeptide-encoding segment. Expression systems (expression vectors) may include, for example, an origin of replication or autonomously replicating sequence (ARS) and expression control sequences, a promoter, an enhancer and necessary processing information sites, such as ribosome-binding sites, RNA splice sites, polyadenylation sites, transcriptional terminator sequences, and mRNA stabilizing sequences. Signal peptides may also be included where appropriate from secreted polypeptides of the same or related species, which allow the protein to cross and/or lodge in cell membranes or be secreted from the cell.

An appropriate promoter and other necessary vector sequences will be selected so as to be functional in the host. Examples of workable combinations of cell lines and expression vectors are described in Sambrook et al. (1989) vide infra; Ausubel et al. (Eds.) (1987) Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Greene Publishing and Wiley Interscience, New York; and Metzger et al. (1988) Nature, 334: 31-36. Many useful vectors for expression in bacteria, yeast, mammalian, insect, plant or other cells are well known in the art and may be obtained such vendors as Stratagene, New England Biolabs, Promega Biotech, and others. In addition, the construct may be joined to an amplifiable gene (e.g., DHFR) so that multiple copies of the gene may be made. For appropriate enhancer and other expression control sequences, see also Enhancers and Eukaryotic Gene Expression, Cold Spring Harbor Press, N.Y. (1983). While such expression vectors may replicate autonomously, they may less preferably replicate by being inserted into the genome of the host cell.

Expression and cloning vectors will likely contain a selectable marker, that is, a gene encoding a protein necessary for the survival or growth of a host cell transformed with the vector. Although such a marker gene may be carried on another polynucleotide sequence co-introduced into the host cell, it is most often contained on the cloning vector. Only those host cells into which the marker gene has been introduced will survive and/or grow under selective conditions. Typical selection genes encode proteins that (a) confer resistance to antibiotics or other toxic substances, e.g., ampicillin, neomycin, methotrexate, etc.; (b) complement auxotrophic deficiencies; or (c) supply critical nutrients not available from complex media. The choice of the proper selectable marker will depend on the host cell; appropriate markers for different hosts are known in the art.

The recombinant vectors containing the Arg-gingipain coding sequences of interest can be introduced (transformed, transfected) into the host cell by any of a number of appropriate means, including electroporation; transformation or transfection employing calcium chloride, rubidium chloride, calcium phosphate, DEAE-dextran, or other substances; microprojectile bombardment; lipofection; and transfection or infection (where the vector is an infectious agent, such as a viral or retroviral genome). The choice of such means will often depend on the host cell. Large quantities of the polynucleotides and polypeptides of the present invention may be prepared by transforming suitable prokaryotic or eukaryotic host cells with gingipain-1-encoding polynucleotides of the present invention in compatible vectors or other expression vehicles and culturing such transformed host cells under conditions suitable to attain expression of the Arg-gingipain-encoding gene. The Arg-gingipain may then be recovered from the host cell and purified.

The coding sequence for the “mature” form of Arg-gingipain-2 is expressed after PCR site-directed mutagenesis and cloning into an expression vector suitable for use in E. coli, for example. Exemplary expression vectors for E. coli and other host cells are given, for example in Sambrook et al. (1989), vide infra, and in Pouwels et al. (Eds.) (1986) Cloning Vectors, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

In order to eliminate leader sequences and precursor sequences at the 5′ side of the coding sequence, a combination of restriction endonuclease cutting and site-directed mutagenesis via PCR using an oligonucleotide containing a desired restriction site for cloning (one not present in coding sequence), a ribosome binding site, an translation initiation codon (ATG) and the codons for the first amino acids of the mature Arg-gingipain-2. The oligonucleotide for site-directed mutagenesis at the 3′ end of the coding sequence for mature gingipain-1 includes nucleotides encoding the carboxyterminal amino acids of mature gingipain-1, a translation termination codon (TAA, TGA or TAG), and a second suitable restriction endonuclease recognition site not present in the remainder of the DNA sequence to be inserted into the expression vector. The site-directed mutagenesis strategy is similar to that of Boone et al. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 2800-2804, as modified for use with PCR.

In another embodiment, polyclonal and/or monoclonal antibodies capable of specifically binding to a proteinase or fragments thereof are provided. The term antibody is used to refer both to a homogenous molecular entity, or a mixture such as a serum product made up of a plurality of different molecular entities. Monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies specifically reacting with the Arg-gingipains may be made by methods known in the art. See, e.g., Harlow and Lane (1988) Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories; Goding (1986) Monoclonal Antibodies: Principles and Practice, 2d ed., Academic Press, New York; and Ausubel et al. (1987) supra. Also, recombinant immunoglobulins may be produced by methods known in the art, including but not limited to the methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567. Monoclonal antibodies with affinities of 10⁸ M⁻¹, preferably 10⁹ to 10¹⁰ or more are preferred.

Antibodies specific for Arg-gingipains may be useful, for example, as probes for screening DNA expression libraries or for detecting the presence of Arg-gingipains in a test sample. Frequently, the polypeptides and antibodies will be labeled by joining, either covalently or noncovalently, a substance which provides a detectable signal. Suitable labels include but are not limited to radionuclides, enzymes, substrates, cofactors, inhibitors, fluorescent agents, chemiluminescent agents, magnetic particles and the like. United States Patents describing the use of such labels include but are not limited to U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,817,837; 3,850,752; 3,939,350; 3,996,345; 4,277,437; 4,275,149; and 4,366,241.

Antibodies specific for Arg-gingipain(s) and capable of inhibiting its proteinase activity may be useful in treating animals, including man, suffering from periodontal disease. Such antibodies can be obtained by the methods described above and subsequently screening the Arg-gingipain-specific antibodies for their ability to inhibit proteinase activity.

Compositions and immunogenic preparations including vaccine compositions comprising substantially purified recombinant Arg-gingipain(s) and a suitable carrier therefor are provided. Alternatively, hydrophilic regions of the proteolytic component or hemagglutinin component(s) of Arg-gingipain can be identified by the skilled artisan, and peptide antigens can be synthesized and conjugated to a suitable carrier protein (e.g., bovine serum albumin or keyhole limpet hemocyanin) for use in vaccines or in raising antibody specific for Arg-gingipains. Immunogenic compositions are those which result in specific antibody production when injected into a human or an animal. Such immunogenic compositions are useful, for example, in immunizing an animal, including humans, against inflammatory response and tissue damage caused by P. gingivalis in periodontal disease. The immunogenic preparations comprise an immunogenic amount of one or more Arg-gingipains or an immunogenic fragment(s) or subunit(s) thereof. Such immunogenic compositions may comprise one or more Arg-gingipain proteinases, or in combination with another protein or other immunogen. By “immunogenic amount” is meant an amount capable of eliciting the production of antibodies directed against Arg-gingipain(s) in an individual to which the vaccine has been administered.

Immunogenic carriers may be used to enhance the immunogenicity of the proteinases. Such carriers include but are not limited to proteins and polysaccharides, liposomes, and bacterial cells and membranes. Protein carriers may be joined to the proteinases to form fusion proteins by recombinant or synthetic means or by chemical coupling. Useful carriers and means of coupling such carriers to polypeptide antigens are known in the art.

The immunogenic compositions may be formulated by any of the means known in the art. Such vaccines are typically prepared as injectables, either as liquid solutions or suspensions. Solid forms suitable for solution in, or suspension in, liquid prior to injection may also be prepared. The preparation may also, for example, be emulsified, or the protein encapsulated in liposomes.

The active immunogenic ingredients are often mixed with excipients or carriers which are pharmaceutically acceptable and compatible with the active ingredient. Suitable excipients include but are not limited to water, saline, dextrose, glycerol, ethanol, or the like and combinations thereof. The concentration of the immunogenic polypeptide in injectable formulations is usually in the range of 0.2 to 5 mg/ml.

In addition, if desired, the vaccines may contain minor amounts of auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents, pH buffering agents, and/or adjuvants which enhance the effectiveness of the vaccine. Examples of adjuvants which may be effective include but are not limited to: aluminum hydroxide; N-acetyl-muramyl-L-threonyl-D-isoglutamine (thr-MDP); N-acetyl-nor-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (CGP 11637, referred to as nor-MDP); N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-L-alanine-2-(1′-2′-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3hydroxyphosphoryloxy)-ethylamine (CGP 19835A, referred to as MTP-PE); and RIBI, which contains three components extracted from bacteria, monophosphoryl lipid A, trehalose dimycolate and cell wall skeleton (MPL+TDM+CWS) in a 2% squalene/Tween 80 emulsion. The effectiveness of an adjuvant may be determined by measuring the amount of antibodies directed against the immunogen resulting from administration of the immunogen in vaccines which are also comprised of the various adjuvants. Such additional formulations and modes of administration as are known in the art may also be used.

A 50 kDa Arg-gingipain or high molecular weight Arg-gingipain and fragments thereof may be formulated into immunogenic compositions as neutral or salt forms. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include but are not limited to the acid addition salts (formed with free amino groups of the peptide) which are formed with inorganic acids, e.g., hydrochloric acid or phosphoric acids; and organic acids, e.g., acetic, oxalic, tartaric, or maleic acid. Salts formed with the free carboxyl groups may also be derived from inorganic bases, e.g., sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium, or ferric hydroxides, and organic bases, e.g., isopropylamine, trimethylamine, 2-ethylamino-ethanol, histidine, and procaine.

The immunogenic Arg-gingipain compositions are administered in a manner compatible with the dosage formulation, and in such amount as will be prophylactically and/or therapeutically effective. The quantity to be administered, which is generally in the range of about 100 to 1,000 μg of protein per dose, more generally in the range of about 5 to 500 μg of protein per dose, depends on the subject to be treated, the capacity of the individual's immune system to synthesize antibodies, and the degree of protection desired. Precise amounts of the active ingredient required to be administered may depend on the judgment of the physician or doctor of dental medicine and may be peculiar to each individual, but such a determination is within the skill of such a practitioner.

The vaccine or other immunogenic composition may be given in a single dose or multiple dose schedule. A multiple dose schedule is one in which a primary course of vaccination may include 1 to 10 or more separate doses, followed by other doses administered at subsequent time intervals as required to maintain and or reinforce the immune response, e.g., at 1 to 4 months for a second dose, and if needed, a subsequent dose(s) after several months.

Recombinant Arg-gingipains are useful in methods of identifying agents that modulate proteinase activity, e.g., by acting on the proteinase itself. One such method comprises the steps of incubating Arg-gingipain-1 (or high molecular weight Arg-proteinase) with a putative therapeutic agent; determining the activity of the proteinase incubated with the agent; and comparing the activity obtained in step with the activity of a control sample of proteinase that has not been incubated with the agent.

All references cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

Except as noted hereafter, standard techniques for cloning, DNA isolation, amplification and purification, for enzymatic reactions involving DNA ligase, DNA polymerase, restriction endonucleases and the like, and various separation techniques are those known and commonly employed by those skilled in the art. A number of standard techniques are described in Sambrook et al. (1989) Molecular Cloning, Second Edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Plainview, N.Y.; Maniatis et al. (1982) Molecular Cloning, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Plainview, N.Y.; Wu (ed.) (1993) Meth. Enzymol. 218, Part I; Wu (ed.) (1979) Meth Enzymol. 68; Wu et al. (eds.) (1983) Meth. Enzymol. 100 and 101; Grossman and Moldave (eds.) Meth. Enzymol. 65; Miller (ed.) (1972) Experiments in Molecular Genetics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., Old Primrose (1981) Principles of Gene Manipulation, University of California Press, Berkeley; Schleif and Wensink (1982) Practical Methods in Molecular Biology; Glover (ed.) (1985) DNA Cloning Vol. I and II, IRL Press, Oxford, UK; Hames and Higgins (eds.) (1985) Nucleic Acid Hybridization, IRL Press, Oxford, UK; Setlow and Hollaender (1979) Genetic Engineering: Principles and Methods, Vols. 1-4, Plenum Press, New York. Abbreviations and nomenclature, where employed, are deemed standard in the field and commonly used in professional journals such as those cited herein.

The foregoing discussion and the following examples illustrate but are not intended to limit the invention. The skilled artisan will understand that alternative methods maybe used to implement the invention.

EXAMPLES Example 1 Purification of Gingipain Enzymes

P. gingivalis strains H66 (ATCC 33277) and W50 (ATCC 53978) (virulent) were used in these studies (American Type Culture Collection, 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, Md. 20852-1776). Cells were grown in 500 ml of broth containing 15.0 g Trypticase Soy Broth (Difco, Detroit, Mich.), 2.5 g yeast extract, 2.5 mg hemin, 0.25 g cysteine, 0.05 g dithiothreitol, 0.5 mg menadione (all from Sigma Chemical Company, St. Louis, Mo.) anaerobically at 37° C. for 48 hr in an atmosphere of 85% N₂, 10% CO₂, 5% H₂. The entire 500 ml culture was used to inoculate 20 liters of the same medium, and the latter was incubated in a fermentation tank at 37° C. for 48 hr (to a final optical density of 1.8 at 650 nm).

Purification of Low Molecular Weight Arg-gingipain

1200 ml cell-free supernatant was obtained from the 48 hr culture by centrifugation at 18,000×g for 30 min. at 4° C. Proteins in the supernatant were precipitated out by 90% saturation with ammonium sulfate. After 2 hr at 4° C., the suspension was centrifuged at 18,000×g for 30 min. The resulting pellet was dissolved in 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 4.5, 0.15 NaCl, 5 mM CaCl₂; the solution was dialyzed against the same buffer overnight at 4° C., with three changes with a buffer:protein solution larger than 150:1. The dialysate was then centrifuged at 25,000×g for 30 min., and the dark brown supernatant (26 ml) was then chromatographed over an agarose gel filtration column (5.0×150 cm; Sephadex G-150, Pharmacia, Piscataway, N.J.) which had been pre-equilibrated with the same buffer. The column was developed with said buffer at a flow rate of 36 ml/hr. 6 ml fractions were collected and assayed for both amidolytic and proteolytic activities, using Bz-L-Arg-pNA and azocasein as substrates. Four peaks containing amidolytic activity were identified (FIG. 1). The fractions corresponding to peak 4 were combined, concentrated by ultrafiltration (Amicon PM-10 membrane; Amicon, Beverly, Mass.) and then dialyzed overnight against 0.05 Bis-Tris, 5 mM CaCl₂, pH 6.0. The volume of the dialysate was 14 ml.

The 14 ml dialysate from the previous step was then applied to a DEAE-cellulose (Whatman, Maidstone, England) column (1×10 cm) equilibrated with 0.05 mM Bis-Tris, 5 mM CaCl₂, pH 6.0. The column was then washed with an additional 100 ml of the same buffer. About 75% of the amidolytic activity, but only about 50% of the protein, passed through the column. The column wash fluid was dialyzed against 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer containing 5 mM CaCl₂ (pH 4.5). This 19 ml dialysate was applied to a Mono S FPLC column (Pharmacia LKB Biotechnology Inc., Piscataway, N.J.) equilibrated with the same buffer. The column was washed with the starting buffer at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min for 20 min. Bound proteins were eluted first with a linear NaCl gradient (0 to 0.1 M) followed by a second linear NaCl gradient (0.1 to 0.25 M), each gradient applied over a 25 min time period. Fractions were assayed for amidolytic activity using Bz-L-Arg-pNA. Fractions with activity were pooled and re-chromatographed using the same conditions. Although not detectable by gel electrophoresis, trace contamination by a proteinase capable of cleaving after lysyl residues was sometimes observed. This contaminating activity was readily removed by applying the sample to an arginyl-agarose column (L-Arginyl-SEPHAROSE 4B) equilibrated with 0.025 M Tris-HCl, 5 mM CaCl₂, 0.15 M NaCl, pH 7.5. After washing with the same buffer, purified enzyme was eluted with 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer, 5 mM CaCl₂, pH 4.5. Yields of gingipain-1 were markedly reduced by this step (about 60%).

High Molecular Weight Arg-gingipain Purification

The culture supernatant (2,900 ml) was obtained by centrifugation of the whole culture (6,000×g, 30 min, 4° C.). Chilled acetone (4,350 ml) was added to this fraction over a period of 15 min, with the temperature of the solution maintained below 0° C. at all times, using an ice/salt bath and this mixture was centrifuged (6,000×g, 30 min, −15° C.). The precipitate was dissolved in 290 ml of 20 mM Bis-Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, 5 mM CaCl₂, 0.02% (w/v) NaN₃, pH 6.8 (Buffer A), and dialyzed against Buffer A containing 1.5 mM 4,4′-Dithiodipyridine disulfide for 4h, followed by 2 changes of buffer A overnight. The dialyzed fraction was centrifuged (27,000×g, 30 min, 4° C.), following which it was concentrated to 40 ml by ultrafiltration using an Amicon PM-10 membrane. This concentrated fraction was applied to a Sephadex G-150 column (5×115 cm=2260 ml; Pharmacia, Piscataway, N.J.) which had previously been equilibrated with Buffer A, and the fractionation was carried out at 30 ml/h (1.5 cm/h). Fractions (9 ml) were assayed for activity against Bz-L-Arg-pNa and Z-L-Lys-pNa (Novabiochem; 0.5 mM). Amidolytic activities for Bz-L-Arg-pNa (0.5 mM) or Z-L-Lys-pNa were measured in 0.2 M Tris.Hcl, 1 mM CaCl₂, 0.02% (w/v) NaN₃, 10 mM L-cysteine, pH 7.6. General proteolytic activity was measured with azocasein (2% w/v) as described by Barrett and Kirschke (1981) Meth. Enzymol. 80, 535-561 for cathepsin L. Three peaks with activity against the two substrates were found. The first (highest molecular weight) peak of activity was pooled, concentrated to 60 ml using ultrafiltration and dialyzed overnight against two changes of 50 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM CaCl₂, 0.02% NaN₃, pH 7.4 (Buffer B).

This high MW fraction was applied to an L-Arginine-Sepharose column (1.5×30 cm=50 ml), which had previously been equilibrated with Buffer B at a flow rate of 20 ml/hr (11.3 cm/h), following which the column was washed with two column volumes of Buffer B. Following this, a step gradient of 500 mM NaCl was applied in Buffer B and the column was washed with this concentration of NaCl until the A₂₈₀ baseline fell to zero. After re-equilibration of the column in Buffer B, a gradient from 0-750 mM L-Lysine was applied in a total volume of 300 ml, followed by 100 ml of 750 mM L-Lysine. The column was once again re-equilibrated with Buffer B and a further gradient to 100 mM L-arginine in 300 ml was applied in the same way. Fractions (6 ml) from the Arg wash were assayed for activity against the two substrates as described previously. The arginine gradient eluted a major peak for an enzyme degrading Bz-L-Arg-pNa. The active fractions were pooled and dialyzed against two changes of 20 mM Bis-Tris-HCl, 1 mM CaCl₂, 0.02% (v/w) NaN₃, pH 6.4 (Buffer C) and concentrated down to 10 ml using an Amicon PM-10 membrane.

The concentrate with activity for cleaving Bz-L-Arg-pNa was applied to a Mono Q FPLC column (Pharmacia LKB Biotechnology Inc, Piscataway, N.J.) equilibrated in Buffer C, the column was washed with 5 column volumes of Buffer C at 1.0 ml/min, following which bound protein was eluted with a 3 step gradient [0-200 mM NaCl (10 min), followed by 200-250 mM NaCl (15 min) and 250-500 mM NaCl (5 min)]. The active fractions from Mono Q were pooled and used for further analyses.

Example 2 Molecular Weight Determination

The molecular weight of the purified Arg-gingipain-1 was estimated by gel filtration on a Superose 12 column (Pharmacia, Piscataway, N.J.) and by Tricine-SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the latter case, 1 mM TLCK was used to inactivate the protease prior to boiling, thus preventing autoproteolytic digestion.

Example 3 Enzyme Assays

Amidolytic activities of P. gingivalis proteinases were measured with the substrates MeO-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-pNA at a concentration of 0.5 mM, Suc-Ala-Ala-Ala-pNA (0.5 mM), Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA (0.5 mM), Bz-Arg-pNA (1.0 mM), Cbz-Phe-Leu-Glu-pNA) (0.2 mM); S-2238, S-2222, S-2288 and S-2251 each at a concentration of 0.05 mM; in 1.0 ml of 0.2 M Tris-HCl, 5mM CaCl₂, pH 7.5. In some cases either 5 mM cysteine and/or 50 mM glycyl-glycine (Gly-Gly) was also added to the reaction mixture.

For routine assays, pH optimum determination and measurement of the effect of stimulating agents and inhibitors on trypsin-like enzymes, only Bz-L-Arg-pNA was used as substrate. Potential inhibitory or stimulatory compounds were preincubated with enzyme for up to 20 min at room temperature at pH 7.5, in the presence of 5 mM CaCl₂ (except when testing the effects of chelating agents) prior to the assay for enzyme activity.

General proteolytic activity was assayed using the same buffer system as described for detecting amidolytic activity, but using azocoll or azocasein (1% w/v) as substrate.

A unit of Arg-gingipain-1 enzymatic activity is based on the spectroscopic assay using benzoyl-Arg-p-nitroanilide as substrate and recording Δ absorbance units at 405 nm/min/absorbance unit at 280 nm according to the method of Chen et al. (1992) supra.

Example 4 Enzyme Specificity

Purified Arg-gingipain-1 (0.8 μg) in 50 mM ammonium bicarbonate buffer, pH 7.7, 5 mM CaCl₂, was preincubated with 2 mM cysteine for 10 min, followed by the addition of either oxidized insulin B chain (225 μg) or melittin (225 μg) at 25° C. Samples were removed after various time intervals, and the reaction mixtures were subjected to HPLC (reverse phase column, MicroPak SP C-18 column) using linear gradients (0.08% trifluoroacetic acid to 0.08% trifluoroacetic acid plus 80% acetonitrile, over a 45 min period (flow rate 1.0 ml/min). Peptides were detected by monitoring A₂₂₀. Product peaks were collected and subjected to amino acid analysis and/or amino-terminal sequence analysis.

Example 5 Amino Acid Sequence Analysis

Amino-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of either Arg-gingipain-1 or degradation products from proteolytic reactions was carried out using an Applied Biosystems 4760A gas-phase sequenator, using the program designed by the manufacturer.

The amino acid sequence of the COOH terminus of SDS-denatured Arg-gingipain-1 and of Arg-gingipain-2 was determined. 10 nmol aliquots of gingipain-1 were digested in 0.2 M N-ethylmorpholine acetate buffer, pH 8.0, with carboxypeptidase A and B at room temperature, using 1:100 and 1:50 molar ratios, respectively. Samples were removed at intervals spanning 0 to 12 hours, boiled to inactivate the carboxypeptidase, and protein was precipitated with 20% trichloracetic acid. Amino acid analysis was performed on the supernatants.

Example 6 Materials

MeO-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-pNA, Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA, Gly-Pro-pNA, Suc-Ala-Ala-Ala-pNA, Bz-Arg-pNA, diisopropylfluorophosphate, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK), tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK), trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamide-(4-guanidino)butane), an inhibitor of cysteine proteinases, leupeptin, antipain and azocasein were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo. 3,4-Dichloroisocoumarin was obtained from Boehringer, Indianapolis, Ind. and CBz-Phe-Leu-Glu-pNA and azocoll were obtained from Calbiochem, La Jolla, Calif. S-2238 (D-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA), S-2222 (Bz-Ile-Glu-(γ-OR)-Gly-Arg-pNA), S-2288 (D-Ile-Pro-Arg-pNA), and S-2251 (D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA) were from Kabi-Vitrum, (Beaumont, Tex.).

Example 7 Electrophoresis

SDS-PAGE of Arg-gingipain preparation was performed as in Laemmli (1970) Nature 227: 680-685. Prior to electrophoresis the samples were boiled in a buffer containing 20% glycerol, 4% SDS, and 0.1% bromphenol blue. The samples were run under reducing conditions by adding 2% β-mercaptoethanol unless otherwise noted. Samples were heated for 5 min at 100° C. prior to loading onto gels. A 5-15% gradient gel was used for the initial digests of C3 and C5, and the gels were subsequently stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R. The C5 digest used to visualize breakdown products before and after reduction of the disulfide bonds were electrophoresed in a 8% gel. Attempts to visualize C5a in the C5 digest were carried out using 13% gels that were developed with silver stain according to the method of Merril et al. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 76, 4335-4340.

In some experiments (high molecular weight forms) SDS-PAGE using Tris-HCl/Tricine buffer was carried out per Shagger and Van Jagow (1987) Analyt. Biochem. 166, 368-379.

Electrophoresis on cellulose acetate strips were performed in 0.075 barbital buffer at pH 8.5 and 4° C. for 30 min. at 200 V. The Beckman Microzone apparatus (model R101) used for the electrophoresis of the protein, and the strips were stained using Amido Black.

Example 8 Complement Activation by Arg-Gingipain-1.

Human complement protein C3 was isolated according to the procedures described by Tack and Prahl (1976) Biochemistry 15, 4513-4521, and C5 was isolated by the method of DeScipio, R. G. (1981) Biochem J. 199, 485-496 as modified by Parkes et al. (1981) Biochem J. 193, 963-970. Outdated human plasma treated with barium citrate, and C3 and C5 were precipitated with 4-12% polyethylene glycol. The preparation was then fractionated over DEAE-Sephadex and by gel filtration through Sephacryl S-300. The C3, C3u, and C5 were separated using sulfated Sepharose. Contaminating C3u was removed from C5 by passage through a column of rabbit anti-C3 IgG-Sepharose. The C3 and C5 were further purified to apparent homogeneity, as visualized by SDS-PAGE, by 15 FPLC using a Mono Q (5×55 mm) anion-exchange column (Pharmacia LKB Biotechnology Inc.).

Human C5a and C3a were prepared according to the methods described by Hugli and co-workers [Hugli et al. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 1472-1478; Fernandez and Hugli (1976) J. Immunol. 117, 1688-1694; Hugli et al. (1981) Mol. Cell. Biochem. 41, 59-66].

Human C3 or C5 was incubated with purified Arg-gingipain-1 (purification included affinity chromatography over L-Arginyl-Sepharose 4B as described in Example 1) with a molar ratio of substrate to enzyme of 25:1 for an Arg-gingipain-1 preparation having a specific activity of 728 units or with a molar ratio of 100:1 for a gingipain-1 preparation having a specific activity of 1123 units. Incubations were carried out in 10 mM Tris HCl, 1 mM cysteine, 5 mM CaCl₂, and with or without 50 mM glycyl-glycine at pH 7.0 and 37° C. This incubation mixture, exclusive of the glycyl-glycine, will be referred to as the digestion buffer. At designated time points aliquots were removed, and proteolysis was inhibited by adding TLCK to a final concentration of 2 mM.

Amino acid sequence analyses of the α-chain fragments of C5 cleaved by Arg-gingipain-I were obtained after SDS-PAGE separation. The fragments were blotted onto Immobilon transfer membranes (Millipore Corp., Bedford, Mass.). Eight to 10 cycles of automated Edman degradation [Edman and Begg (1967) Eur. J. Biochem. 1, 80-91] were performed using an Applied Biosystems 470A Protein Sequencer. The amino termini of C5 fragments were assigned based on the known primary structure of C5 [Haviland, et al. (1991) J. Immunol 146, 362-3683].

Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes, PMNs) were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy human donors according to the method described by Fehr and Dahinden (1979) J. Clin. Invest. 64, 8-16. Blood was drawn into syringes containing a final concentration of 10 mM EDTA. Blood was mixed in a 50-ml conical tube containing an equal volume of sterile, nonpyrogenic 6% dextran and 0.9% saline (Baxter). Cells were allowed to sediment for 60 min. at room temperature. The leukocyte-rich upper layer was collected, and 30 ml was carefully layered over 15 ml of Ficoll-Paque (Pharmacia) and centrifuged for 25 min. at 300×g in a Sorvall RT6000B centrifuge. The pellet containing PMNs was depleted of red blood cells by hypotonic lysis. The PMNs were then washed twice in Earle's balanced salt solution (EBSS, Gibco, Grand Island, N.Y.) containing 10 mM MOPS/HCl at pH 7.3. The PMNs to be used in the polarization assay were in EBSS and MOPS/HCl, and cells used for the chemotaxis assay were resuspended in EBSS containing 1% bovine serum albumin (Sigma).

The effect of products in the C5 digest on the morphology of PMNs was measured according to the assay described by Haston and Shields (1985) J. Immunol. Methods 81, 229-237. The C5 (90 μg) was incubated with Arg-gingipain-1 (25:1; molar ratio of C5 to enzyme) in 200 μl of digestion buffer for 180 min. at 37° C. Controls devoid of either enzyme or C5 were incubated under identical conditions. PMNs (4×10⁶/ml) were incubated with aliquots of the C5 digest for 30 min. at 37° C., then fixed with 2.5% ice-cold glutaraldehyde (2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.9% saline, Fisher) for 2 h at 4° C. Cells were examined microscopically, and cells that deviated from the typical spherical shape were scored as polarized. The results are expressed as a percent of cells polarized (200 cells were counted per sample).

Chemotaxis of PMNs was measured as described by Dahinden et al. (1983) J. Immunol. 130, 857-862, in modified Boyden chambers (Adaps, Inc., Dedham, Mass., models P1 and 1/2SC). The C5 was incubated with gingipain-1 at a 100:1 molar ratio in digestion buffer for 90 min at 37° C. Controls were run as above.

Cells that migrated through the entire thickness of an 8-μm micropore filter (Sartorius, Gottingen, Federal Germany of Germany) were counted after 90 min. in an incubator (5% CO₂) at 37° C. The upper chamber contained the purified PMNs (3×10⁶/ml), and the lower chamber contained the chemoattractant in EBSS/albumin buffer. Zymosan-activated serum was used at 1:5 dilution as the reference chemoattractant. Results were expressed as a percentage of the 1:5 diluted zymosan-activated serum control. The buffer control typically gave 2% of the zymosan-activated serum cell response. The number of cells migrating to the lower chamber was determined by a Sysmex F-300 hematology analyzer (TOA Medical Electronics, Kobe, Japan).

C5 (400 μg) was incubated with Arg-gingipain-1 (100:1 molar ratio) in digestion buffer under the conditions described above. Approximately 2×10⁵ cpm of ¹²⁵I-labeled C5 was included in the digestion mixture. C5a labeled with ¹²⁵I (5×10⁵ cpm) was added to the digest immediately before it was applied to a P-60 column (1.5×55 cm, Bio-Rad) equilibrated with 20 mM imidazole-HCl, containing 0.3 M NaCl, at pH 7.0. The gel filtration was performed at 4° C. using a flow rate of 10 ml/h. Fractions containing radiolabeled C5a were pooled and dialyzed extensively against distilled water at 4° C. This sample was lyophilized to dryness and resuspended in a 4-μl volume of water for analysis.

Example 9 Oligonucleotide Synthesis

Oligonucleotide primers for PCR probes and sequencing were synthesized by the phosphoramidite method with an Applied Biosystems model 394 automated DNA synthesizer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif.) and purified by PAGE and desalted on Sep-Pak (Millipore Corp., Beverly, Mass.) using standard protocols. Primer GIN-1-32 was designed to bind to the noncoding strand of Arg-gingipain DNA corresponding to the NH₂-terminal portion of the mature protein, i.e., to the sequence encoding amino acids 2-8 within SEQ ID NO:1. The sequence of the 32-base primer consists of 20 bases specific for Arg-gingipain and six additional bases at the 5′ end (underlined), as follows: 5′-GGCTTTACNCCNGTNGARGARYTNGA-3′ (SEQ ID NO:5), where N is A or G or C or T. Primer GIN-2-30 was designed to bind to the coding strand of Arg-gingipain DNA corresponding to the amino acids 25-32 of the mature protein, i.e., residues 25-32 of SEQ ID NO:1. The sequence of the 30-base primer consists of 24 bases specific for gingipain-1 (and gingipain-2) DNA and six additional bases at the 5′ end (underlined), as follows: 5′-GGCTTTRTTYTTCCARTC NACRAARTCYTT-3′, where R is A or G, Y is C or T and N is A or G or C or T (SEQ ID NO:6). Primer GIN-8S-48: 5′-CCTGGAGAATTCTCG TATGATCGTCATCGTAGCCAAAAAGTATGAGGG-3′ (SEQ ID NO:7) was designed to bind to the noncoding strand of Arg-gingipain DNA corresponding to the amino acids 11-22 of the mature protein, i.e., amino acids 11-22 of SEQ ID NO:1, and was designed on the basis of partial DNA sequence information for the Arg-gingipain coding sequence (nucleotides 1659-1694 of SEQ ID NO:3) and included a 6-base EcoRI restriction site plus six additional bases at the 5′ end (underlined). This primer was used as a probe to screen a λDASH P. gingivalis genomic DNA library (see below). One additional oligonucleotide GIN-14-20 (20-mers), initially designed to sequence Arg-gingipain DNA, was used as a probe to identify and then clone the 3′ end of the gingipain-1 coding sequence, as a PstI-HindIII sequence. Primer GIN-14-20 was designed to bind to the noncoding strand of gingipain-1 DNA corresponding to 20 bases specific for 3′ end of Arg-gingipain (nucleotides 2911-2930 within SEQ ID NO:3): 5′-ATCAACACTAATGGTGAGCC-3′ (SEQ ID NO:8). A total of 71 20-mers internal primers were designed using empirically determined sequence to sequence the Arg-gingipain locus.

Example 10 Polymerase Chain Reaction

The DNA templates used in PCR was P. gingivalis strain H66 total cellular DNA. The PCR was run using primer GIN-1-32 (SEQ ID NO:5) along with primer GIN-2-30 (SEQ ID NO:6); PCR consistently yielded a single 105-base pair product (P105) detected on a 7% acrylamide gel representing a partial gingipain DNA. After treatment with the Klenow enzyme, P105 was cloned in pCR-Script™SK(+) (Stratagene, La Jolla, Calif.). After sequence analysis of P105, specific primer GIN-8S-48 (SEQ ID NO:7) was designed to use as a probe. The ³²P-labeled GIN-8S-48 probe, was generated by kinase reaction for use in subsequent hybridization screening of the λDASH library. Incorporated nucleotides were separated from unincorporated nucleotides on a Sephadex G-25 column (Boehringer Mannheim Corporation, Indianapolis, Ind.).

Example 11 Construction and Screening of the Genomic DNA Library

λDASH and λZAP DNA libraries were constructed according to the protocols of Stratagene, using the lambda DASH™ II/BamHI cloning kit and DNA preparations from P. gingivalis strains H66 and W50. Libraries of 3×10⁵ independent recombinant clones was obtained using P. gingivalis H66 DNA, and 1.5×10⁵ independent recombinant clones were obtained from P. gingivalis W50 DNA.

Approximately 3×10⁵ phages were grown on 5×150 mm agar plates, lifted in duplicate onto supported nitrocellulose transfer membrane (BAS-NC, Schleicher & Schuell, Keene, N.H.), hybridized to the ³²P-labeled GIN-8S-48 probe described above. Hybridizations were performed overnight at 42° C. in 2×Denhardt's solution (Denhardt, D. T. (1966), Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 23, 641-646), 6×SSC (SSC is 15 mM sodium citrate, 150 mM NaCl), 0.4% SDS (w/v), 500 μg/ml fish sperm DNA. The filters were washed in 2×SSC containing 0.05% SDS (w/v) at 48° C. Seven positively hybridizing plaques were purified. After extraction and purification, the DNA was analyzed by restriction enzyme digestion and agarose gel electrophoresis. The 3 kb-PstI fragment from clone A1 (P. gingivalis H66) was subsequently cloned into pBluescript SK(−) (Stratagene, La Jolla, Calif.) and M13mp18 and 19 and sequenced. After restriction analysis of the A1 clone, a SmaI/BamHI fragment was then cloned into pBluescript SK(−). A PstI/BamHI smaller fragment was subcloned into M13mp18 and 19 for sequencing purposes. 3.5 and 0.5 kb-BamHI fragments from the λZAP P. gingivalis W50 DNA library were cloned into pBluescript SK(−) and M13mp18 and 19 and sequenced. Standard protocols for cDNA library screening, lambda phage purification, agarose gel electrophoresis and plasmid cloning were employed (Maniatis et al. (1982), supra). Standard protocols for cDNA library screening, lambda phage purification, agarose gel electrophoresis and plasmid cloning were employed (Maniatis et al., 1982 supra).

Example 12 Southern Blot Analysis

The membranes were washed as described above. BamHI, HindIII- or PstI-digested P. gingivalis H66 DNA samples were hybridized with ³²P-labeled GIN-8S-48. Two BamHI fragments of approximately 9.4 and 3.5 kb, and two PstI fragments of approximately 9.4 and 3 kb were found. No HindIII fragment was seen. BamHI- and PstI-digested λDASH DNA after screening and purification of positive recombinant clones from the library revealed one clone (A1) with a 3.5 kb BamHI fragment and a 3 kb PstI fragment; one clone (B1) with a 9.4 kb BamHI fragment and a 9.4 kb PstI fragment; and 5 clones with a 9.4 kb BamHI fragment and a 10 kb PstI fragment. The A1 clone was sequenced because the DNA predicted to encode a 50-kDa protein is approximately 1.35 kb. In order to clone the stop codon of Arg-gingipain-2, double PstI/HindIII-digested P. gingivalis DNA were hybridized with ³²P-labeled GIN-14-20. One PstI/HindIII fragment of approximately 4.3 kb was found. This fragment was gel purified and cloned into pBluescript SK(−) for sequencing. Smaller fragments (PstI/SmaI and BamHI/HindIII) were also subcloned into M13mp18 and 19 and sequenced, and was found to include the stop codon. Table 6 hereinabove (see also SEQ ID NO:9) which presents about 7 kb of sequence extending from a PstI site upstream of the start codon through a HindIII site downstream of the end of the prepolyprotein's stop codon.

Example 13 DNA Sequencing

Double-stranded DNA cloned into pBluescript SK(−) and single-stranded DNA cloned into M13mp18 and 19 were sequenced by the dideoxy terminator method [Sanger et al. (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74, 5463-5467] using sequencing kits purchased from United States Biochemicals (Cleveland, Ohio; Sequenase version 2.0). The DNA was sequenced using M13 universal primer, reverse sequencing primer and internal primers as well understood in the art.

16 43 amino acids amino acid single linear peptide NO NO N-terminal Porphyromonas gingivalis H66 1 Tyr Thr Pro Val Glu Glu Lys Gln Asn Gly Arg Met Ile Val Ile Val 1 5 10 15 Ala Lys Lys Tyr Glu Gly Asp Ile Lys Asp Phe Val Asp Trp Lys Asn 20 25 30 Gln Arg Gly Leu Thr Lys Xaa Val Lys Xaa Ala 35 40 4 amino acids amino acid single linear protein NO NO C-terminal not provided 2 Glu Leu Leu Arg 1 3159 base pairs nucleic acid double linear DNA (genomic) NO NO not provided CDS 949..3159 mat_peptide 1630..3105 3 CTGCAGAGGG CTGGTAAAGA CCGCCTCGGG ATCGAGGCCT TTGAGACGGG CACAAGCCGC 60 CGCAGCCTCC TCTTCGAAGG TGTCTCGAAC GTCCACATCG GTGAATCCGT AGCAGTGCTC 120 ATTGCCATTG AGCAGCACCG AGGTGTGGCG CATCAGATAT ATTTTCATCA GTGGATTATT 180 AGGGTATCGG TCAGAAAAAG CCTTCCGAAT CCGACAAAGA TAGTAGAAAG AGAGTGCATC 240 TGAAAACAGA TCATTCGAGG ATTATCGATC AACTGAAAAG GCAGGAGTTG TTTTGCGTTT 300 TGGTTCGGAA AATTACCTGA TCAGCATTCG TAAAAACGTG GCGCGAGAAT TTTTTCGTTT 360 TGGCGCGAGA ATTAAAAATT TTTGGAACCA CAGCGAAAAA AATCTCGCGC CGTTTTCTCA 420 GGATTTACAG ACCACAATCC GAGCATTTTC GGTTCGTAAT TCATCGAAGA GACAGGTTTT 480 ACCGCATTGA AATCAGAGAG AGAATATCCG TAGTCCAACG GTTCATCCTT ATATCAGAGG 540 TTAAAAGATA TGGTACGCTC ATCGAGGAGC TGATTGGCTT AGTAGGTGAG ACTTTCTTAA 600 GAGACTATCG GCACCTACAG GAAGTTCATG GCACACAAGG CAAAGGAGGC AATCTTCGCA 660 GACCGGACTC ATATCAAAAG GATGAAACGA CTTTTCCATA CGACAACCAA ATAGCCGTCT 720 ACGGTAGACG AATGCAAACC CAATATGAGG CCATCAATCA ATCCGAATGA CAGCTTTTGG 780 GCAATATATT ATGCATATTT TGATTCGCGT TTAAAGGAAA AGTGCATATA TTTGCGATTG 840 TGGTATTTCT TTCGGTTTCT ATGTGAATTT TGTCTCCCAA GAAGACTTTA TAATGCATAA 900 ATACAGAAGG GGTACTACAC AGTAAAATCA TATTCTAATT TCATCAAA ATG AAA AAC 957 Met Lys Asn -227 -225 TTG AAC AAG TTT GTT TCG ATT GCT CTT TGC TCT TCC TTA TTA GGA GGA 1005 Leu Asn Lys Phe Val Ser Ile Ala Leu Cys Ser Ser Leu Leu Gly Gly -220 -215 -210 ATG GCA TTT GCG CAG CAG ACA GAG TTG GGA CGC AAT CCG AAT GTC AGA 1053 Met Ala Phe Ala Gln Gln Thr Glu Leu Gly Arg Asn Pro Asn Val Arg -205 -200 -195 TTG CTC GAA TCC ACT CAG CAA TCG GTG ACA AAG GTT CAG TTC CGT ATG 1101 Leu Leu Glu Ser Thr Gln Gln Ser Val Thr Lys Val Gln Phe Arg Met -190 -185 -180 GAC AAC CTC AAG TTC ACC GAA GTT CAA ACC CCT AAG GGA ATC GGA CAA 1149 Asp Asn Leu Lys Phe Thr Glu Val Gln Thr Pro Lys Gly Ile Gly Gln -175 -170 -165 GTG CCG ACC TAT ACA GAA GGG GTT AAT CTT TCC GAA AAA GGG ATG CCT 1197 Val Pro Thr Tyr Thr Glu Gly Val Asn Leu Ser Glu Lys Gly Met Pro -160 -155 -150 -145 ACG CTT CCC ATT CTA TCA CGC TCT TTG GCG GTT TCA GAC ACT CGT GAG 1245 Thr Leu Pro Ile Leu Ser Arg Ser Leu Ala Val Ser Asp Thr Arg Glu -140 -135 -130 ATG AAG GTA GAG GTT GTT TCC TCA AAG TTC ATC GAA AAG AAA AAT GTC 1293 Met Lys Val Glu Val Val Ser Ser Lys Phe Ile Glu Lys Lys Asn Val -125 -120 -115 CTG ATT GCA CCC TCC AAG GGC ATG ATT ATG CGT AAC GAA GAT CCG AAA 1341 Leu Ile Ala Pro Ser Lys Gly Met Ile Met Arg Asn Glu Asp Pro Lys -110 -105 -100 AAG ATC CCT TAC GTT TAT GGA AAG AGC TAC TCG CAA AAC AAA TTC TTC 1389 Lys Ile Pro Tyr Val Tyr Gly Lys Ser Tyr Ser Gln Asn Lys Phe Phe -95 -90 -85 CCG GGA GAG ATC GCC ACG CTT GAT GAT CCT TTT ATC CTT CGT GAT GTG 1437 Pro Gly Glu Ile Ala Thr Leu Asp Asp Pro Phe Ile Leu Arg Asp Val -80 -75 -70 -65 CGT GGA CAG GTT GTA AAC TTT GCG CCT TTG CAG TAT AAC CCT GTG ACA 1485 Arg Gly Gln Val Val Asn Phe Ala Pro Leu Gln Tyr Asn Pro Val Thr -60 -55 -50 AAG ACG TTG CGC ATC TAT ACG GAA ATC ACT GTG GCA GTG AGC GAA ACT 1533 Lys Thr Leu Arg Ile Tyr Thr Glu Ile Thr Val Ala Val Ser Glu Thr -45 -40 -35 TCG GAA CAA GGC AAA AAT ATT CTG AAC AAG AAA GGT ACA TTT GCC GGC 1581 Ser Glu Gln Gly Lys Asn Ile Leu Asn Lys Lys Gly Thr Phe Ala Gly -30 -25 -20 TTT GAA GAC ACA TAC AAG CGC ATG TTC ATG AAC TAC GAG CCG GGG CGT 1629 Phe Glu Asp Thr Tyr Lys Arg Met Phe Met Asn Tyr Glu Pro Gly Arg -15 -10 -5 TAC ACA CCG GTA GAG GAA AAA CAA AAT GGT CGT ATG ATC GTC ATC GTA 1677 Tyr Thr Pro Val Glu Glu Lys Gln Asn Gly Arg Met Ile Val Ile Val 1 5 10 15 GCC AAA AAG TAT GAG GGA GAT ATT AAA GAT TTC GTT GAT TGG AAA AAC 1725 Ala Lys Lys Tyr Glu Gly Asp Ile Lys Asp Phe Val Asp Trp Lys Asn 20 25 30 CAA CGC GGT CTC CGT ACC GAG GTG AAA GTG GCA GAA GAT ATT GCT TCT 1773 Gln Arg Gly Leu Arg Thr Glu Val Lys Val Ala Glu Asp Ile Ala Ser 35 40 45 CCC GTT ACA GCT AAT GCT ATT CAG CAG TTC GTT AAG CAA GAA TAC GAG 1821 Pro Val Thr Ala Asn Ala Ile Gln Gln Phe Val Lys Gln Glu Tyr Glu 50 55 60 AAA GAA GGT AAT GAT TTG ACC TAT GTT CTT TTG GTT GGC GAT CAC AAA 1869 Lys Glu Gly Asn Asp Leu Thr Tyr Val Leu Leu Val Gly Asp His Lys 65 70 75 80 GAT ATT CCT GCC AAA ATT ACT CCG GGG ATC AAA TCC GAC CAG GTA TAT 1917 Asp Ile Pro Ala Lys Ile Thr Pro Gly Ile Lys Ser Asp Gln Val Tyr 85 90 95 GGA CAA ATA GTA GGT AAT GAC CAC TAC AAC GAA GTC TTC ATC GGT CGT 1965 Gly Gln Ile Val Gly Asn Asp His Tyr Asn Glu Val Phe Ile Gly Arg 100 105 110 TTC TCA TGT GAG AGC AAA GAG GAT CTG AAG ACA CAA ATC GAT CGG ACT 2013 Phe Ser Cys Glu Ser Lys Glu Asp Leu Lys Thr Gln Ile Asp Arg Thr 115 120 125 ATT CAC TAT GAG CGC AAT ATA ACC ACG GAA GAC AAA TGG CTC GGT CAG 2061 Ile His Tyr Glu Arg Asn Ile Thr Thr Glu Asp Lys Trp Leu Gly Gln 130 135 140 GCT CTT TGT ATT GCT TCG GCT GAA GGA GGC CCA TCC GCA GAC AAT GGT 2109 Ala Leu Cys Ile Ala Ser Ala Glu Gly Gly Pro Ser Ala Asp Asn Gly 145 150 155 160 GAA AGT GAT ATC CAG CAT GAG AAT GTA ATC GCC AAT CTG CTT ACC CAG 2157 Glu Ser Asp Ile Gln His Glu Asn Val Ile Ala Asn Leu Leu Thr Gln 165 170 175 TAT GGC TAT ACC AAG ATT ATC AAA TGT TAT GAT CCG GGA GTA ACT CCT 2205 Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Lys Ile Ile Lys Cys Tyr Asp Pro Gly Val Thr Pro 180 185 190 AAA AAC ATT ATT GAT GCT TTC AAC GGA GGA ATC TCG TTG GTC AAC TAT 2253 Lys Asn Ile Ile Asp Ala Phe Asn Gly Gly Ile Ser Leu Val Asn Tyr 195 200 205 ACG GGC CAC GGT AGC GAA ACA GCT TGG GGT ACG TCT CAC TTC GGC ACC 2301 Thr Gly His Gly Ser Glu Thr Ala Trp Gly Thr Ser His Phe Gly Thr 210 215 220 ACT CAT GTG AAG CAG CTT ACC AAC AGC AAC CAG CTA CCG TTT ATT TTC 2349 Thr His Val Lys Gln Leu Thr Asn Ser Asn Gln Leu Pro Phe Ile Phe 225 230 235 240 GAC GTA GCT TGT GTG AAT GGC GAT TTC CTA TTC AGC ATG CCT TGC TTC 2397 Asp Val Ala Cys Val Asn Gly Asp Phe Leu Phe Ser Met Pro Cys Phe 245 250 255 GCA GAA GCC CTG ATG CGT GCA CAA AAA GAT GGT AAG CCG ACA GGT ACT 2445 Ala Glu Ala Leu Met Arg Ala Gln Lys Asp Gly Lys Pro Thr Gly Thr 260 265 270 GTT GCT ATC ATA GCG TCT ACG ATC AAC CAG TCT TGG GCT TCT CCT ATG 2493 Val Ala Ile Ile Ala Ser Thr Ile Asn Gln Ser Trp Ala Ser Pro Met 275 280 285 CGC GGG CAG GAT GAG ATG AAC GAA ATT CTG TGC GAA AAA CAC CCG AAC 2541 Arg Gly Gln Asp Glu Met Asn Glu Ile Leu Cys Glu Lys His Pro Asn 290 295 300 AAC ATC AAG CGT ACT TTC GGT GGT GTC ACC ATG AAC GGT ATG TTT GCT 2589 Asn Ile Lys Arg Thr Phe Gly Gly Val Thr Met Asn Gly Met Phe Ala 305 310 315 320 ATG GTG GAA AAG TAT AAA AAG GAT GGT GAG AAG ATG CTC GAC ACA TGG 2637 Met Val Glu Lys Tyr Lys Lys Asp Gly Glu Lys Met Leu Asp Thr Trp 325 330 335 ACT GTT TTC GGC GAC CCC TCG CTG CTC GTT CGT ACA CTT GTC CCG ACC 2685 Thr Val Phe Gly Asp Pro Ser Leu Leu Val Arg Thr Leu Val Pro Thr 340 345 350 AAA ATG CAG GTT ACG GCT CCG GCT CAG ATT AAT TTG ACG GAT GCT TCA 2733 Lys Met Gln Val Thr Ala Pro Ala Gln Ile Asn Leu Thr Asp Ala Ser 355 360 365 GTC AAC GTA TCT TGC GAT TAT AAT GGT GCT ATT GCT ACC ATT TCA GCC 2781 Val Asn Val Ser Cys Asp Tyr Asn Gly Ala Ile Ala Thr Ile Ser Ala 370 375 380 AAT GGA AAG ATG TTC GGT TCT GCA GTT GTC GAA AAT GGA ACA GCT ACA 2829 Asn Gly Lys Met Phe Gly Ser Ala Val Val Glu Asn Gly Thr Ala Thr 385 390 395 400 ATC AAT CTG ACA GGT CTG ACA AAT GAA AGC ACG CTT ACC CTT ACA GTA 2877 Ile Asn Leu Thr Gly Leu Thr Asn Glu Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Thr Val 405 410 415 GTT GGT TAC AAC AAA GAG ACG GTT ATT AAG ACC ATC AAC ACT AAT GGT 2925 Val Gly Tyr Asn Lys Glu Thr Val Ile Lys Thr Ile Asn Thr Asn Gly 420 425 430 GAG CCT AAC CCC TAC CAG CCC GTT TCC AAC TTG ACA GCT ACA ACG CAG 2973 Glu Pro Asn Pro Tyr Gln Pro Val Ser Asn Leu Thr Ala Thr Thr Gln 435 440 445 GGT CAG AAA GTA ACG CTC AAG TGG GAT GCA CCG AGC ACG AAA ACC AAT 3021 Gly Gln Lys Val Thr Leu Lys Trp Asp Ala Pro Ser Thr Lys Thr Asn 450 455 460 GCA ACC ACT AAT ACC GCT CGC AGC GTG GAT GGC ATA CGA GAA TTG GTT 3069 Ala Thr Thr Asn Thr Ala Arg Ser Val Asp Gly Ile Arg Glu Leu Val 465 470 475 480 CTT CTG TCA GTC AGC GAT GCC CCC GAA CTT CTT CGC AGC GGT CAG GCC 3117 Leu Leu Ser Val Ser Asp Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Arg Ser Gly Gln Ala 485 490 495 GAG ATT GTT CTT GAA GCT CAC GAT GTT TGG AAT GAT GGA TCC 3159 Glu Ile Val Leu Glu Ala His Asp Val Trp Asn Asp Gly Ser 500 505 510 737 amino acids amino acid linear protein not provided 4 Met Lys Asn Leu Asn Lys Phe Val Ser Ile Ala Leu Cys Ser Ser Leu -227 -225 -220 -215 Leu Gly Gly Met Ala Phe Ala Gln Gln Thr Glu Leu Gly Arg Asn Pro -210 -205 -200 Asn Val Arg Leu Leu Glu Ser Thr Gln Gln Ser Val Thr Lys Val Gln -195 -190 -185 -180 Phe Arg Met Asp Asn Leu Lys Phe Thr Glu Val Gln Thr Pro Lys Gly -175 -170 -165 Ile Gly Gln Val Pro Thr Tyr Thr Glu Gly Val Asn Leu Ser Glu Lys -160 -155 -150 Gly Met Pro Thr Leu Pro Ile Leu Ser Arg Ser Leu Ala Val Ser Asp -145 -140 -135 Thr Arg Glu Met Lys Val Glu Val Val Ser Ser Lys Phe Ile Glu Lys -130 -125 -120 Lys Asn Val Leu Ile Ala Pro Ser Lys Gly Met Ile Met Arg Asn Glu -115 -110 -105 -100 Asp Pro Lys Lys Ile Pro Tyr Val Tyr Gly Lys Ser Tyr Ser Gln Asn -95 -90 -85 Lys Phe Phe Pro Gly Glu Ile Ala Thr Leu Asp Asp Pro Phe Ile Leu -80 -75 -70 Arg Asp Val Arg Gly Gln Val Val Asn Phe Ala Pro Leu Gln Tyr Asn -65 -60 -55 Pro Val Thr Lys Thr Leu Arg Ile Tyr Thr Glu Ile Thr Val Ala Val -50 -45 -40 Ser Glu Thr Ser Glu Gln Gly Lys Asn Ile Leu Asn Lys Lys Gly Thr -35 -30 -25 -20 Phe Ala Gly Phe Glu Asp Thr Tyr Lys Arg Met Phe Met Asn Tyr Glu -15 -10 -5 Pro Gly Arg Tyr Thr Pro Val Glu Glu Lys Gln Asn Gly Arg Met Ile 1 5 10 Val Ile Val Ala Lys Lys Tyr Glu Gly Asp Ile Lys Asp Phe Val Asp 15 20 25 Trp Lys Asn Gln Arg Gly Leu Arg Thr Glu Val Lys Val Ala Glu Asp 30 35 40 45 Ile Ala Ser Pro Val Thr Ala Asn Ala Ile Gln Gln Phe Val Lys Gln 50 55 60 Glu Tyr Glu Lys Glu Gly Asn Asp Leu Thr Tyr Val Leu Leu Val Gly 65 70 75 Asp His Lys Asp Ile Pro Ala Lys Ile Thr Pro Gly Ile Lys Ser Asp 80 85 90 Gln Val Tyr Gly Gln Ile Val Gly Asn Asp His Tyr Asn Glu Val Phe 95 100 105 Ile Gly Arg Phe Ser Cys Glu Ser Lys Glu Asp Leu Lys Thr Gln Ile 110 115 120 125 Asp Arg Thr Ile His Tyr Glu Arg Asn Ile Thr Thr Glu Asp Lys Trp 130 135 140 Leu Gly Gln Ala Leu Cys Ile Ala Ser Ala Glu Gly Gly Pro Ser Ala 145 150 155 Asp Asn Gly Glu Ser Asp Ile Gln His Glu Asn Val Ile Ala Asn Leu 160 165 170 Leu Thr Gln Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Lys Ile Ile Lys Cys Tyr Asp Pro Gly 175 180 185 Val Thr Pro Lys Asn Ile Ile Asp Ala Phe Asn Gly Gly Ile Ser Leu 190 195 200 205 Val Asn Tyr Thr Gly His Gly Ser Glu Thr Ala Trp Gly Thr Ser His 210 215 220 Phe Gly Thr Thr His Val Lys Gln Leu Thr Asn Ser Asn Gln Leu Pro 225 230 235 Phe Ile Phe Asp Val Ala Cys Val Asn Gly Asp Phe Leu Phe Ser Met 240 245 250 Pro Cys Phe Ala Glu Ala Leu Met Arg Ala Gln Lys Asp Gly Lys Pro 255 260 265 Thr Gly Thr Val Ala Ile Ile Ala Ser Thr Ile Asn Gln Ser Trp Ala 270 275 280 285 Ser Pro Met Arg Gly Gln Asp Glu Met Asn Glu Ile Leu Cys Glu Lys 290 295 300 His Pro Asn Asn Ile Lys Arg Thr Phe Gly Gly Val Thr Met Asn Gly 305 310 315 Met Phe Ala Met Val Glu Lys Tyr Lys Lys Asp Gly Glu Lys Met Leu 320 325 330 Asp Thr Trp Thr Val Phe Gly Asp Pro Ser Leu Leu Val Arg Thr Leu 335 340 345 Val Pro Thr Lys Met Gln Val Thr Ala Pro Ala Gln Ile Asn Leu Thr 350 355 360 365 Asp Ala Ser Val Asn Val Ser Cys Asp Tyr Asn Gly Ala Ile Ala Thr 370 375 380 Ile Ser Ala Asn Gly Lys Met Phe Gly Ser Ala Val Val Glu Asn Gly 385 390 395 Thr Ala Thr Ile Asn Leu Thr Gly Leu Thr Asn Glu Ser Thr Leu Thr 400 405 410 Leu Thr Val Val Gly Tyr Asn Lys Glu Thr Val Ile Lys Thr Ile Asn 415 420 425 Thr Asn Gly Glu Pro Asn Pro Tyr Gln Pro Val Ser Asn Leu Thr Ala 430 435 440 445 Thr Thr Gln Gly Gln Lys Val Thr Leu Lys Trp Asp Ala Pro Ser Thr 450 455 460 Lys Thr Asn Ala Thr Thr Asn Thr Ala Arg Ser Val Asp Gly Ile Arg 465 470 475 Glu Leu Val Leu Leu Ser Val Ser Asp Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Arg Ser 480 485 490 Gly Gln Ala Glu Ile Val Leu Glu Ala His Asp Val Trp Asn Asp Gly 495 500 505 Ser 510 26 base pairs nucleic acid single linear DNA (genomic) NO not provided 5 GGCTTTACNC CNGTNGARGA RYTNGA 26 30 base pairs nucleic acid single linear DNA (genomic) NO not provided 6 GGCTTTRTTY TTCCARTCNA CRAARTCYTT 30 48 base pairs nucleic acid single linear DNA (genomic) NO not provided 7 CCTGGAGAAT TCTCGTATGA TCGTCATCGT AGCCAAAAAG TATGAGGG 48 20 base pairs nucleic acid single linear DNA (genomic) NO not provided 8 ATCAACACTA ATGGTGAGCC 20 7266 base pairs nucleic acid double linear DNA (genomic) NO NO not provided CDS 949..6063 9 CTGCAGAGGG CTGGTAAAGA CCGCCTCGGG ATCGAGGCCT TTGAGACGGG CACAAGCCGC 60 CGCAGCCTCC TCTTCGAAGG TGTCTCGAAC GTCCACATCG GTGAATCCGT AGCAGTGCTC 120 ATTGCCATTG AGCAGCACCG AGGTGTGGCG CATCAGATAT ATTTTCATCA GTGGATTATT 180 AGGGTATCGG TCAGAAAAAG CCTTCCGAAT CCGACAAAGA TAGTAGAAAG AGAGTGCATC 240 TGAAAACAGA TCATTCGAGG ATTATCGATC AACTGAAAAG GCAGGAGTTG TTTTGCGTTT 300 TGGTTCGGAA AATTACCTGA TCAGCATTCG TAAAAACGTG GCGCGAGAAT TTTTTCGTTT 360 TGGCGCGAGA ATTAAAAATT TTTGGAACCA CAGCGAAAAA AATCTCGCGC CGTTTTCTCA 420 GGATTTACAG ACCACAATCC GAGCATTTTC GGTTCGTAAT TCATCGAAGA GACAGGTTTT 480 ACCGCATTGA AATCAGAGAG AGAATATCCG TAGTCCAACG GTTCATCCTT ATATCAGAGG 540 TTAAAAGATA TGGTACGCTC ATCGAGGAGC TGATTGGCTT AGTAGGTGAG ACTTTCTTAA 600 GAGACTATCG GCACCTACAG GAAGTTCATG GCACACAAGG CAAAGGAGGC AATCTTCGCA 660 GACCGGACTC ATATCAAAAG GATGAAACGA CTTTTCCATA CGACAACCAA ATAGCCGTCT 720 ACGGTAGACG AATGCAAACC CAATATGAGG CCATCAATCA ATCCGAATGA CAGCTTTTGG 780 GCAATATATT ATGCATATTT TGATTCGCGT TTAAAGGAAA AGTGCATATA TTTGCGATTG 840 TGGTATTTCT TTCGGTTTCT ATGTGAATTT TGTCTCCCAA GAAGACTTTA TAATGCATAA 900 ATACAGAAGG GGTACTACAC AGTAAAATCA TATTCTAATT TCATCAAA ATG AAA AAC 957 Met Lys Asn 1 TTG AAC AAG TTT GTT TCG ATT GCT CTT TGC TCT TCC TTA TTA GGA GGA 1005 Leu Asn Lys Phe Val Ser Ile Ala Leu Cys Ser Ser Leu Leu Gly Gly 5 10 15 ATG GCA TTT GCG CAG CAG ACA GAG TTG GGA CGC AAT CCG AAT GTC AGA 1053 Met Ala Phe Ala Gln Gln Thr Glu Leu Gly Arg Asn Pro Asn Val Arg 20 25 30 35 TTG CTC GAA TCC ACT CAG CAA TCG GTG ACA AAG GTT CAG TTC CGT ATG 1101 Leu Leu Glu Ser Thr Gln Gln Ser Val Thr Lys Val Gln Phe Arg Met 40 45 50 GAC AAC CTC AAG TTC ACC GAA GTT CAA ACC CCT AAG GGA ATC GGA CAA 1149 Asp Asn Leu Lys Phe Thr Glu Val Gln Thr Pro Lys Gly Ile Gly Gln 55 60 65 GTG CCG ACC TAT ACA GAA GGG GTT AAT CTT TCC GAA AAA GGG ATG CCT 1197 Val Pro Thr Tyr Thr Glu Gly Val Asn Leu Ser Glu Lys Gly Met Pro 70 75 80 ACG CTT CCC ATT CTA TCA CGC TCT TTG GCG GTT TCA GAC ACT CGT GAG 1245 Thr Leu Pro Ile Leu Ser Arg Ser Leu Ala Val Ser Asp Thr Arg Glu 85 90 95 ATG AAG GTA GAG GTT GTT TCC TCA AAG TTC ATC GAA AAG AAA AAT GTC 1293 Met Lys Val Glu Val Val Ser Ser Lys Phe Ile Glu Lys Lys Asn Val 100 105 110 115 CTG ATT GCA CCC TCC AAG GGC ATG ATT ATG CGT AAC GAA GAT CCG AAA 1341 Leu Ile Ala Pro Ser Lys Gly Met Ile Met Arg Asn Glu Asp Pro Lys 120 125 130 AAG ATC CCT TAC GTT TAT GGA AAG AGC TAC TCG CAA AAC AAA TTC TTC 1389 Lys Ile Pro Tyr Val Tyr Gly Lys Ser Tyr Ser Gln Asn Lys Phe Phe 135 140 145 CCG GGA GAG ATC GCC ACG CTT GAT GAT CCT TTT ATC CTT CGT GAT GTG 1437 Pro Gly Glu Ile Ala Thr Leu Asp Asp Pro Phe Ile Leu Arg Asp Val 150 155 160 CGT GGA CAG GTT GTA AAC TTT GCG CCT TTG CAG TAT AAC CCT GTG ACA 1485 Arg Gly Gln Val Val Asn Phe Ala Pro Leu Gln Tyr Asn Pro Val Thr 165 170 175 AAG ACG TTG CGC ATC TAT ACG GAA ATC ACT GTG GCA GTG AGC GAA ACT 1533 Lys Thr Leu Arg Ile Tyr Thr Glu Ile Thr Val Ala Val Ser Glu Thr 180 185 190 195 TCG GAA CAA GGC AAA AAT ATT CTG AAC AAG AAA GGT ACA TTT GCC GGC 1581 Ser Glu Gln Gly Lys Asn Ile Leu Asn Lys Lys Gly Thr Phe Ala Gly 200 205 210 TTT GAA GAC ACA TAC AAG CGC ATG TTC ATG AAC TAC GAG CCG GGG CGT 1629 Phe Glu Asp Thr Tyr Lys Arg Met Phe Met Asn Tyr Glu Pro Gly Arg 215 220 225 TAC ACA CCG GTA GAG GAA AAA CAA AAT GGT CGT ATG ATC GTC ATC GTA 1677 Tyr Thr Pro Val Glu Glu Lys Gln Asn Gly Arg Met Ile Val Ile Val 230 235 240 GCC AAA AAG TAT GAG GGA GAT ATT AAA GAT TTC GTT GAT TGG AAA AAC 1725 Ala Lys Lys Tyr Glu Gly Asp Ile Lys Asp Phe Val Asp Trp Lys Asn 245 250 255 CAA CGC GGT CTC CGT ACC GAG GTG AAA GTG GCA GAA GAT ATT GCT TCT 1773 Gln Arg Gly Leu Arg Thr Glu Val Lys Val Ala Glu Asp Ile Ala Ser 260 265 270 275 CCC GTT ACA GCT AAT GCT ATT CAG CAG TTC GTT AAG CAA GAA TAC GAG 1821 Pro Val Thr Ala Asn Ala Ile Gln Gln Phe Val Lys Gln Glu Tyr Glu 280 285 290 AAA GAA GGT AAT GAT TTG ACC TAT GTT CTT TTG GTT GGC GAT CAC AAA 1869 Lys Glu Gly Asn Asp Leu Thr Tyr Val Leu Leu Val Gly Asp His Lys 295 300 305 GAT ATT CCT GCC AAA ATT ACT CCG GGG ATC AAA TCC GAC CAG GTA TAT 1917 Asp Ile Pro Ala Lys Ile Thr Pro Gly Ile Lys Ser Asp Gln Val Tyr 310 315 320 GGA CAA ATA GTA GGT AAT GAC CAC TAC AAC GAA GTC TTC ATC GGT CGT 1965 Gly Gln Ile Val Gly Asn Asp His Tyr Asn Glu Val Phe Ile Gly Arg 325 330 335 TTC TCA TGT GAG AGC AAA GAG GAT CTG AAG ACA CAA ATC GAT CGG ACT 2013 Phe Ser Cys Glu Ser Lys Glu Asp Leu Lys Thr Gln Ile Asp Arg Thr 340 345 350 355 ATT CAC TAT GAG CGC AAT ATA ACC ACG GAA GAC AAA TGG CTC GGT CAG 2061 Ile His Tyr Glu Arg Asn Ile Thr Thr Glu Asp Lys Trp Leu Gly Gln 360 365 370 GCT CTT TGT ATT GCT TCG GCT GAA GGA GGC CCA TCC GCA GAC AAT GGT 2109 Ala Leu Cys Ile Ala Ser Ala Glu Gly Gly Pro Ser Ala Asp Asn Gly 375 380 385 GAA AGT GAT ATC CAG CAT GAG AAT GTA ATC GCC AAT CTG CTT ACC CAG 2157 Glu Ser Asp Ile Gln His Glu Asn Val Ile Ala Asn Leu Leu Thr Gln 390 395 400 TAT GGC TAT ACC AAG ATT ATC AAA TGT TAT GAT CCG GGA GTA ACT CCT 2205 Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Lys Ile Ile Lys Cys Tyr Asp Pro Gly Val Thr Pro 405 410 415 AAA AAC ATT ATT GAT GCT TTC AAC GGA GGA ATC TCG TTG GTC AAC TAT 2253 Lys Asn Ile Ile Asp Ala Phe Asn Gly Gly Ile Ser Leu Val Asn Tyr 420 425 430 435 ACG GGC CAC GGT AGC GAA ACA GCT TGG GGT ACG TCT CAC TTC GGC ACC 2301 Thr Gly His Gly Ser Glu Thr Ala Trp Gly Thr Ser His Phe Gly Thr 440 445 450 ACT CAT GTG AAG CAG CTT ACC AAC AGC AAC CAG CTA CCG TTT ATT TTC 2349 Thr His Val Lys Gln Leu Thr Asn Ser Asn Gln Leu Pro Phe Ile Phe 455 460 465 GAC GTA GCT TGT GTG AAT GGC GAT TTC CTA TTC AGC ATG CCT TGC TTC 2397 Asp Val Ala Cys Val Asn Gly Asp Phe Leu Phe Ser Met Pro Cys Phe 470 475 480 GCA GAA GCC CTG ATG CGT GCA CAA AAA GAT GGT AAG CCG ACA GGT ACT 2445 Ala Glu Ala Leu Met Arg Ala Gln Lys Asp Gly Lys Pro Thr Gly Thr 485 490 495 GTT GCT ATC ATA GCG TCT ACG ATC AAC CAG TCT TGG GCT TCT CCT ATG 2493 Val Ala Ile Ile Ala Ser Thr Ile Asn Gln Ser Trp Ala Ser Pro Met 500 505 510 515 CGC GGG CAG GAT GAG ATG AAC GAA ATT CTG TGC GAA AAA CAC CCG AAC 2541 Arg Gly Gln Asp Glu Met Asn Glu Ile Leu Cys Glu Lys His Pro Asn 520 525 530 AAC ATC AAG CGT ACT TTC GGT GGT GTC ACC ATG AAC GGT ATG TTT GCT 2589 Asn Ile Lys Arg Thr Phe Gly Gly Val Thr Met Asn Gly Met Phe Ala 535 540 545 ATG GTG GAA AAG TAT AAA AAG GAT GGT GAG AAG ATG CTC GAC ACA TGG 2637 Met Val Glu Lys Tyr Lys Lys Asp Gly Glu Lys Met Leu Asp Thr Trp 550 555 560 ACT GTT TTC GGC GAC CCC TCG CTG CTC GTT CGT ACA CTT GTC CCG ACC 2685 Thr Val Phe Gly Asp Pro Ser Leu Leu Val Arg Thr Leu Val Pro Thr 565 570 575 AAA ATG CAG GTT ACG GCT CCG GCT CAG ATT AAT TTG ACG GAT GCT TCA 2733 Lys Met Gln Val Thr Ala Pro Ala Gln Ile Asn Leu Thr Asp Ala Ser 580 585 590 595 GTC AAC GTA TCT TGC GAT TAT AAT GGT GCT ATT GCT ACC ATT TCA GCC 2781 Val Asn Val Ser Cys Asp Tyr Asn Gly Ala Ile Ala Thr Ile Ser Ala 600 605 610 AAT GGA AAG ATG TTC GGT TCT GCA GTT GTC GAA AAT GGA ACA GCT ACA 2829 Asn Gly Lys Met Phe Gly Ser Ala Val Val Glu Asn Gly Thr Ala Thr 615 620 625 ATC AAT CTG ACA GGT CTG ACA AAT GAA AGC ACG CTT ACC CTT ACA GTA 2877 Ile Asn Leu Thr Gly Leu Thr Asn Glu Ser Thr Leu Thr Leu Thr Val 630 635 640 GTT GGT TAC AAC AAA GAG ACG GTT ATT AAG ACC ATC AAC ACT AAT GGT 2925 Val Gly Tyr Asn Lys Glu Thr Val Ile Lys Thr Ile Asn Thr Asn Gly 645 650 655 GAG CCT AAC CCC TAC CAG CCC GTT TCC AAC TTG ACA GCT ACA ACG CAG 2973 Glu Pro Asn Pro Tyr Gln Pro Val Ser Asn Leu Thr Ala Thr Thr Gln 660 665 670 675 GGT CAG AAA GTA ACG CTC AAG TGG GAT GCA CCG AGC ACG AAA ACC AAT 3021 Gly Gln Lys Val Thr Leu Lys Trp Asp Ala Pro Ser Thr Lys Thr Asn 680 685 690 GCA ACC ACT AAT ACC GCT CGC AGC GTG GAT GGC ATA CGA GAA TTG GTT 3069 Ala Thr Thr Asn Thr Ala Arg Ser Val Asp Gly Ile Arg Glu Leu Val 695 700 705 CTT CTG TCA GTC AGC GAT GCC CCC GAA CTT CTT CGC AGC GGT CAG GCC 3117 Leu Leu Ser Val Ser Asp Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Arg Ser Gly Gln Ala 710 715 720 GAG ATT GTT CTT GAA GCT CAC GAT GTT TGG AAT GAT GGA TCC GGT TAT 3165 Glu Ile Val Leu Glu Ala His Asp Val Trp Asn Asp Gly Ser Gly Tyr 725 730 735 CAG ATT CTT TTG GAT GCA GAC CAT GAT CAA TAT GGA CAG GTT ATA CCC 3213 Gln Ile Leu Leu Asp Ala Asp His Asp Gln Tyr Gly Gln Val Ile Pro 740 745 750 755 AGT GAT ACC CAT ACT CTT TGG CCG AAC TGT AGT GTC CCG GCC AAT CTG 3261 Ser Asp Thr His Thr Leu Trp Pro Asn Cys Ser Val Pro Ala Asn Leu 760 765 770 TTC GCT CCG TTC GAA TAT ACT GTT CCG GAA AAT GCA GAT CCT TCT TGT 3309 Phe Ala Pro Phe Glu Tyr Thr Val Pro Glu Asn Ala Asp Pro Ser Cys 775 780 785 TCC CCT ACC AAT ATG ATA ATG GAT GGT ACT GCA TCC GTT AAT ATA CCG 3357 Ser Pro Thr Asn Met Ile Met Asp Gly Thr Ala Ser Val Asn Ile Pro 790 795 800 GCC GGA ACT TAT GAC TTT GCA ATT GCT GCT CCT CAA GCA AAT GCA AAG 3405 Ala Gly Thr Tyr Asp Phe Ala Ile Ala Ala Pro Gln Ala Asn Ala Lys 805 810 815 ATT TGG ATT GCC GGA CAA GGA CCG ACG AAA GAA GAT GAT TAT GTA TTT 3453 Ile Trp Ile Ala Gly Gln Gly Pro Thr Lys Glu Asp Asp Tyr Val Phe 820 825 830 835 GAA GCC GGT AAA AAA TAC CAT TTC CTT ATG AAG AAG ATG GGT AGC GGT 3501 Glu Ala Gly Lys Lys Tyr His Phe Leu Met Lys Lys Met Gly Ser Gly 840 845 850 GAT GGA ACT GAA TTG ACT ATA AGC GAA GGT GGT GGA AGC GAT TAC ACC 3549 Asp Gly Thr Glu Leu Thr Ile Ser Glu Gly Gly Gly Ser Asp Tyr Thr 855 860 865 TAT ACT GTC TAT CGT GAC GGC ACG AAG ATC AAG GAA GGT CTG ACG GCT 3597 Tyr Thr Val Tyr Arg Asp Gly Thr Lys Ile Lys Glu Gly Leu Thr Ala 870 875 880 ACG ACA TTC GAA GAA GAC GGT GTA GCT ACG GGC AAT CAT GAG TAT TGC 3645 Thr Thr Phe Glu Glu Asp Gly Val Ala Thr Gly Asn His Glu Tyr Cys 885 890 895 GTG GAA GTT AAG TAC ACA GCC GGC GTA TCT CCG AAG GTA TGT AAA GAC 3693 Val Glu Val Lys Tyr Thr Ala Gly Val Ser Pro Lys Val Cys Lys Asp 900 905 910 915 GTT ACG GTA GAA GGA TCC AAT GAA TTT GCT CCT GTA CAG AAC CTG ACC 3741 Val Thr Val Glu Gly Ser Asn Glu Phe Ala Pro Val Gln Asn Leu Thr 920 925 930 GGT AGT GCA GTC GGC CAG AAA GTA ACG CTC AAG TGG GAT GCA CCT AAT 3789 Gly Ser Ala Val Gly Gln Lys Val Thr Leu Lys Trp Asp Ala Pro Asn 935 940 945 GGT ACC CCG AAT CCA AAT CCG AAT CCG AAT CCG AAT CCC GGA ACA ACA 3837 Gly Thr Pro Asn Pro Asn Pro Asn Pro Asn Pro Asn Pro Gly Thr Thr 950 955 960 ACA CTT TCC GAA TCA TTC GAA AAT GGT ATT CCT GCC TCA TGG AAG ACG 3885 Thr Leu Ser Glu Ser Phe Glu Asn Gly Ile Pro Ala Ser Trp Lys Thr 965 970 975 ATC GAT GCA GAC GGT GAC GGG CAT GGC TGG AAG CCT GGA AAT GCT CCC 3933 Ile Asp Ala Asp Gly Asp Gly His Gly Trp Lys Pro Gly Asn Ala Pro 980 985 990 995 GGA ATC GCT GGC TAC AAT AGC AAT GGT TGT GTA TAT TCA GAG TCA TTC 3981 Gly Ile Ala Gly Tyr Asn Ser Asn Gly Cys Val Tyr Ser Glu Ser Phe 1000 1005 1010 GGT CTT GGT GGT ATA GGA GTT CTT ACC CCT GAC AAC TAT CTG ATA ACA 4029 Gly Leu Gly Gly Ile Gly Val Leu Thr Pro Asp Asn Tyr Leu Ile Thr 1015 1020 1025 CCG GCA TTG GAT TTG CCT AAC GGA GGT AAG TTG ACT TTC TGG GTA TGC 4077 Pro Ala Leu Asp Leu Pro Asn Gly Gly Lys Leu Thr Phe Trp Val Cys 1030 1035 1040 GCA CAG GAT GCT AAT TAT GCA TCC GAG CAC TAT GCG GTG TAT GCA TCT 4125 Ala Gln Asp Ala Asn Tyr Ala Ser Glu His Tyr Ala Val Tyr Ala Ser 1045 1050 1055 TCG ACC GGT AAC GAT GCA TCC AAC TTC ACG AAT GCT TTG TTG GAA GAG 4173 Ser Thr Gly Asn Asp Ala Ser Asn Phe Thr Asn Ala Leu Leu Glu Glu 1060 1065 1070 1075 ACG ATT ACG GCA AAA GGT GTT CGC TCG CCG GAA GCT ATT CGT GGT CGT 4221 Thr Ile Thr Ala Lys Gly Val Arg Ser Pro Glu Ala Ile Arg Gly Arg 1080 1085 1090 ATA CAG GGT ACT TGG CGC CAG AAG ACG GTA GAC CTT CCC GCA GGT ACG 4269 Ile Gln Gly Thr Trp Arg Gln Lys Thr Val Asp Leu Pro Ala Gly Thr 1095 1100 1105 AAA TAT GTT GCT TTC CGT CAC TTC CAA AGC ACG GAT ATG TTC TAC ATC 4317 Lys Tyr Val Ala Phe Arg His Phe Gln Ser Thr Asp Met Phe Tyr Ile 1110 1115 1120 GAC CTT GAT GAG GTT GAG ATC AAG GCC AAC GGC AAG CGC GCA GAC TTC 4365 Asp Leu Asp Glu Val Glu Ile Lys Ala Asn Gly Lys Arg Ala Asp Phe 1125 1130 1135 ACG GAA ACG TTC GAG TCT TCT ACT CAT GGA GAG GCA CCG GCG GAA TGG 4413 Thr Glu Thr Phe Glu Ser Ser Thr His Gly Glu Ala Pro Ala Glu Trp 1140 1145 1150 1155 ACT ACT ATC GAT GCC GAT GGC GAT GGT CAG GGT TGG CTC TGT CTG TCT 4461 Thr Thr Ile Asp Ala Asp Gly Asp Gly Gln Gly Trp Leu Cys Leu Ser 1160 1165 1170 TCC GGA CAA TTG GAC TGG CTG ACA GCT CAT GGC GGC ACC AAC GTA GTA 4509 Ser Gly Gln Leu Asp Trp Leu Thr Ala His Gly Gly Thr Asn Val Val 1175 1180 1185 GCC TCT TTC TCA TGG AAT GGA ATG GCT TTG AAT CCT GAT AAC TAT CTC 4557 Ala Ser Phe Ser Trp Asn Gly Met Ala Leu Asn Pro Asp Asn Tyr Leu 1190 1195 1200 ATC TCA AAG GAT GTT ACA GGC GCA ACG AAG GTA AAG TAC TAC TAT GCA 4605 Ile Ser Lys Asp Val Thr Gly Ala Thr Lys Val Lys Tyr Tyr Tyr Ala 1205 1210 1215 GTC AAC GAC GGT TTT CCC GGG GAT CAC TAT GCG GTG ATG ATC TCC AAG 4653 Val Asn Asp Gly Phe Pro Gly Asp His Tyr Ala Val Met Ile Ser Lys 1220 1225 1230 1235 ACG GGC ACG AAC GCC GGA GAC TTC ACG GTT GTT TTC GAA GAA ACG CCT 4701 Thr Gly Thr Asn Ala Gly Asp Phe Thr Val Val Phe Glu Glu Thr Pro 1240 1245 1250 AAC GGA ATA AAT AAG GGC GGA GCA AGA TTC GGT CTT TCC ACG GAA GCC 4749 Asn Gly Ile Asn Lys Gly Gly Ala Arg Phe Gly Leu Ser Thr Glu Ala 1255 1260 1265 AAT GGC GCC AAA CCT CAA AGT GTA TGG ATC GAG CGT ACG GTA GAT TTG 4797 Asn Gly Ala Lys Pro Gln Ser Val Trp Ile Glu Arg Thr Val Asp Leu 1270 1275 1280 CCT GCG GGC ACG AAG TAT GTT GCT TTC CGT CAC TAC AAT TGC TCG GAT 4845 Pro Ala Gly Thr Lys Tyr Val Ala Phe Arg His Tyr Asn Cys Ser Asp 1285 1290 1295 TTG AAC TAC ATT CTT TTG GAT GAT ATT CAG TTC ACC ATG GGT GGC AGC 4893 Leu Asn Tyr Ile Leu Leu Asp Asp Ile Gln Phe Thr Met Gly Gly Ser 1300 1305 1310 1315 CCC ACC CCG ACC GAT TAT ACC TAC ACG GTG TAT CGT GAC GGT ACG AAG 4941 Pro Thr Pro Thr Asp Tyr Thr Tyr Thr Val Tyr Arg Asp Gly Thr Lys 1320 1325 1330 ATC AAG GAA GGT CTG ACC GAA ACG ACC TTC GAA GAA GAC GGC GTA GCT 4989 Ile Lys Glu Gly Leu Thr Glu Thr Thr Phe Glu Glu Asp Gly Val Ala 1335 1340 1345 ACA GGC AAT CAT GAG TAT TGC GTG GAA GTG AAG TAC ACA GCC GGC GTA 5037 Thr Gly Asn His Glu Tyr Cys Val Glu Val Lys Tyr Thr Ala Gly Val 1350 1355 1360 TCT CCG AAA GAG TGC GTA AAC GTA ACT ATT AAT CCG ACT CAG TTC AAT 5085 Ser Pro Lys Glu Cys Val Asn Val Thr Ile Asn Pro Thr Gln Phe Asn 1365 1370 1375 CCT GTA AAG AAC CTG AAG GCA CAA CCG GAT GGC GGC GAC GTG GTT CTC 5133 Pro Val Lys Asn Leu Lys Ala Gln Pro Asp Gly Gly Asp Val Val Leu 1380 1385 1390 1395 AAG TGG GAA GCC CCG AGC GCA AAA AAG ACA GAA GGT TCT CGT GAA GTA 5181 Lys Trp Glu Ala Pro Ser Ala Lys Lys Thr Glu Gly Ser Arg Glu Val 1400 1405 1410 AAA CGG ATC GGA GAC GGT CTT TTC GTT ACG ATC GAA CCT GCA AAC GAT 5229 Lys Arg Ile Gly Asp Gly Leu Phe Val Thr Ile Glu Pro Ala Asn Asp 1415 1420 1425 GTA CGT GCC AAC GAA GCC AAG GTT GTG CTC GCA GCA GAC AAC GTA TGG 5277 Val Arg Ala Asn Glu Ala Lys Val Val Leu Ala Ala Asp Asn Val Trp 1430 1435 1440 GGA GAC AAT ACG GGT TAC CAG TTC TTG TTG GAT GCC GAT CAC AAT ACA 5325 Gly Asp Asn Thr Gly Tyr Gln Phe Leu Leu Asp Ala Asp His Asn Thr 1445 1450 1455 TTC GGA AGT GTC ATT CCG GCA ACC GGT CCT CTC TTT ACC GGA ACA GCT 5373 Phe Gly Ser Val Ile Pro Ala Thr Gly Pro Leu Phe Thr Gly Thr Ala 1460 1465 1470 1475 TCT TCC AAT CTT TAC AGT GCG AAC TTC GAG TAT TTG ATC CCG GCC AAT 5421 Ser Ser Asn Leu Tyr Ser Ala Asn Phe Glu Tyr Leu Ile Pro Ala Asn 1480 1485 1490 GCC GAT CCT GTT GTT ACT ACA CAG AAT ATT ATC GTT ACA GGA CAG GGT 5469 Ala Asp Pro Val Val Thr Thr Gln Asn Ile Ile Val Thr Gly Gln Gly 1495 1500 1505 GAA GTT GTA ATC CCC GGT GGT GTT TAC GAC TAT TGC ATT ACG AAC CCG 5517 Glu Val Val Ile Pro Gly Gly Val Tyr Asp Tyr Cys Ile Thr Asn Pro 1510 1515 1520 GAA CCT GCA TCC GGA AAG ATG TGG ATC GCA GGA GAT GGA GGC AAC CAG 5565 Glu Pro Ala Ser Gly Lys Met Trp Ile Ala Gly Asp Gly Gly Asn Gln 1525 1530 1535 CCT GCA CGT TAT GAC GAT TTC ACA TTC GAA GCA GGC AAG AAG TAC ACC 5613 Pro Ala Arg Tyr Asp Asp Phe Thr Phe Glu Ala Gly Lys Lys Tyr Thr 1540 1545 1550 1555 TTC ACG ATG CGT CGC GCC GGA ATG GGA GAT GGA ACT GAT ATG GAA GTC 5661 Phe Thr Met Arg Arg Ala Gly Met Gly Asp Gly Thr Asp Met Glu Val 1560 1565 1570 GAA GAC GAT TCA CCT GCA AGC TAT ACC TAT ACA GTC TAT CGT GAC GGC 5709 Glu Asp Asp Ser Pro Ala Ser Tyr Thr Tyr Thr Val Tyr Arg Asp Gly 1575 1580 1585 ACG AAG ATC AAG GAA GGT CTG ACC GAA ACG ACC TAC CGC GAT GCA GGA 5757 Thr Lys Ile Lys Glu Gly Leu Thr Glu Thr Thr Tyr Arg Asp Ala Gly 1590 1595 1600 ATG AGT GCA CAA TCT CAT GAG TAT TGC GTA GAG GTT AAG TAC GCA GCC 5805 Met Ser Ala Gln Ser His Glu Tyr Cys Val Glu Val Lys Tyr Ala Ala 1605 1610 1615 GGC GTA TCT CCG AAG GTT TGT GTG GAT TAT ATT CCT GAC GGA GTG GCA 5853 Gly Val Ser Pro Lys Val Cys Val Asp Tyr Ile Pro Asp Gly Val Ala 1620 1625 1630 1635 GAC GTA ACG GCT CAG AAG CCT TAC ACG CTG ACA GTT GTT GGA AAG ACG 5901 Asp Val Thr Ala Gln Lys Pro Tyr Thr Leu Thr Val Val Gly Lys Thr 1640 1645 1650 ATC ACG GTA ACT TGC CAA GGC GAA GCT ATG ATC TAC GAC ATG AAC GGT 5949 Ile Thr Val Thr Cys Gln Gly Glu Ala Met Ile Tyr Asp Met Asn Gly 1655 1660 1665 CGT CGT CTG GCA GCC GGT CGC AAC ACA GTT GTT TAC ACG GCT CAG GGC 5997 Arg Arg Leu Ala Ala Gly Arg Asn Thr Val Val Tyr Thr Ala Gln Gly 1670 1675 1680 GGC TAC TAT GCA GTC ATG GTT GTC GTT GAC GGC AAG TCT TAC GTA GAG 6045 Gly Tyr Tyr Ala Val Met Val Val Val Asp Gly Lys Ser Tyr Val Glu 1685 1690 1695 AAA CTC GCT GTA AAG TAA TTCTGTCTTG GACTCGGAGA CTTTGTGCAG 6093 Lys Leu Ala Val Lys * 1700 1705 ACACTTTTAA TATAGGTCTG TAATTGTCTC AGAGTATGAA TCGATCGCCC GACCTCCTTT 6153 TAAGGAAGTC TGGGCGACTT CGTTTTTATG CCTATTATTC TAATATACTT CTGAAACAAT 6213 TTGTTCCAAA AAGTTGCATG AAAAGATTAT CTTACTATCT TTGCACTGCA AAAGGGGAGT 6273 TTCCTAAGGT TTTCCCCGGA GTAGTACGGT AATAACGGTG TGGTAGTTCA GCTGGTTAGA 6333 ATACCTGCCT GTCACGCAGG GGGTCGCGGG TTCGAGTCCC GTCCATACCG CTAAATAGCT 6393 GAAAGATAGG CTATAGGTCA TCTGAAGCAA TTTTAGAAAC GAATCCAAAA GCGTCTTAAT 6453 TCCAACGAAT TAAGGCGCTT TTTCTTTGTC GCCACCCCAC ACGTCGGATG AGGTTCGGAA 6513 TAGGCGTATA TTCCGTAAAT ATGCCTCCGG TGGTTCCATT TTGGTTACAA AAAACAAAGG 6573 GGCTGAAAAT TGTAACCACA GACGACGTTA AGACGATGTT TAGACGATTG ACAAATTACT 6633 CTGTTTCAAA ATCATATGTC GAACTTTGTA GCCGTATGGT TACACTAATT TTGGAGCAAA 6693 ATGAAGAGTC AATTTCGTTC AGTTTTTTAC TTGCGCAGCA ATTACATCAA CAAAGAAGGT 6753 AAAACTCCTG TCCTTATTCG TATTTATCTG AATAAGGAAC GCCTGTCGTT GGGTTCGACA 6813 GGGCTGGCTG TTAATCCCAT ACAATGGGAT TCAGAAAAAG AGAAAGTCAA AGGACATAGT 6873 GCAGAAGCAC TTGAAGTCAA TCGAAAGATC GAAGAAATCA GGGCTGATAT TCTGACCATT 6933 TACAAACGTT TGGAAGTAAC AGTAGATGAT TTGACGCCGG AGAGGATCAA ATCGGAATAC 6993 TGCGGACAGA CGGATACATT AAACAGTATA GTGGAACTTT TCGATAAACA TAACGAGGAT 7053 GTCCGGGCCC AGGTGGGAAT CAATAAAACG GCTGCCACTT TACAAAAATA CGAAAACAGC 7113 AAACGGCATT TTACCCGATT CCTCAAAGCG AAGTACAACA GAACGGATCT CAAATTCTCA 7173 GAGCTTACCC CGTTGGTCAT TCATAACTTT GAGATATATC TGCTGACTGT AGCCCATTGT 7233 TGCCCGAATA CGGCAACCAA AATCTTGAAG CTT 7266 1705 amino acids amino acid linear protein not provided 10 Met Lys Asn Leu Asn Lys Phe Val Ser Ile Ala Leu Cys Ser Ser Leu 1 5 10 15 Leu Gly Gly Met Ala Phe Ala Gln Gln Thr Glu Leu Gly Arg Asn Pro 20 25 30 Asn Val Arg Leu Leu Glu Ser Thr Gln Gln Ser Val Thr Lys Val Gln 35 40 45 Phe Arg Met Asp Asn Leu Lys Phe Thr Glu Val Gln Thr Pro Lys Gly 50 55 60 Ile Gly Gln Val Pro Thr Tyr Thr Glu Gly Val Asn Leu Ser Glu Lys 65 70 75 80 Gly Met Pro Thr Leu Pro Ile Leu Ser Arg Ser Leu Ala Val Ser Asp 85 90 95 Thr Arg Glu Met Lys Val Glu Val Val Ser Ser Lys Phe Ile Glu Lys 100 105 110 Lys Asn Val Leu Ile Ala Pro Ser Lys Gly Met Ile Met Arg Asn Glu 115 120 125 Asp Pro Lys Lys Ile Pro Tyr Val Tyr Gly Lys Ser Tyr Ser Gln Asn 130 135 140 Lys Phe Phe Pro Gly Glu Ile Ala Thr Leu Asp Asp Pro Phe Ile Leu 145 150 155 160 Arg Asp Val Arg Gly Gln Val Val Asn Phe Ala Pro Leu Gln Tyr Asn 165 170 175 Pro Val Thr Lys Thr Leu Arg Ile Tyr Thr Glu Ile Thr Val Ala Val 180 185 190 Ser Glu Thr Ser Glu Gln Gly Lys Asn Ile Leu Asn Lys Lys Gly Thr 195 200 205 Phe Ala Gly Phe Glu Asp Thr Tyr Lys Arg Met Phe Met Asn Tyr Glu 210 215 220 Pro Gly Arg Tyr Thr Pro Val Glu Glu Lys Gln Asn Gly Arg Met Ile 225 230 235 240 Val Ile Val Ala Lys Lys Tyr Glu Gly Asp Ile Lys Asp Phe Val Asp 245 250 255 Trp Lys Asn Gln Arg Gly Leu Arg Thr Glu Val Lys Val Ala Glu Asp 260 265 270 Ile Ala Ser Pro Val Thr Ala Asn Ala Ile Gln Gln Phe Val Lys Gln 275 280 285 Glu Tyr Glu Lys Glu Gly Asn Asp Leu Thr Tyr Val Leu Leu Val Gly 290 295 300 Asp His Lys Asp Ile Pro Ala Lys Ile Thr Pro Gly Ile Lys Ser Asp 305 310 315 320 Gln Val Tyr Gly Gln Ile Val Gly Asn Asp His Tyr Asn Glu Val Phe 325 330 335 Ile Gly Arg Phe Ser Cys Glu Ser Lys Glu Asp Leu Lys Thr Gln Ile 340 345 350 Asp Arg Thr Ile His Tyr Glu Arg Asn Ile Thr Thr Glu Asp Lys Trp 355 360 365 Leu Gly Gln Ala Leu Cys Ile Ala Ser Ala Glu Gly Gly Pro Ser Ala 370 375 380 Asp Asn Gly Glu Ser Asp Ile Gln His Glu Asn Val Ile Ala Asn Leu 385 390 395 400 Leu Thr Gln Tyr Gly Tyr Thr Lys Ile Ile Lys Cys Tyr Asp Pro Gly 405 410 415 Val Thr Pro Lys Asn Ile Ile Asp Ala Phe Asn Gly Gly Ile Ser Leu 420 425 430 Val Asn Tyr Thr Gly His Gly Ser Glu Thr Ala Trp Gly Thr Ser His 435 440 445 Phe Gly Thr Thr His Val Lys Gln Leu Thr Asn Ser Asn Gln Leu Pro 450 455 460 Phe Ile Phe Asp Val Ala Cys Val Asn Gly Asp Phe Leu Phe Ser Met 465 470 475 480 Pro Cys Phe Ala Glu Ala Leu Met Arg Ala Gln Lys Asp Gly Lys Pro 485 490 495 Thr Gly Thr Val Ala Ile Ile Ala Ser Thr Ile Asn Gln Ser Trp Ala 500 505 510 Ser Pro Met Arg Gly Gln Asp Glu Met Asn Glu Ile Leu Cys Glu Lys 515 520 525 His Pro Asn Asn Ile Lys Arg Thr Phe Gly Gly Val Thr Met Asn Gly 530 535 540 Met Phe Ala Met Val Glu Lys Tyr Lys Lys Asp Gly Glu Lys Met Leu 545 550 555 560 Asp Thr Trp Thr Val Phe Gly Asp Pro Ser Leu Leu Val Arg Thr Leu 565 570 575 Val Pro Thr Lys Met Gln Val Thr Ala Pro Ala Gln Ile Asn Leu Thr 580 585 590 Asp Ala Ser Val Asn Val Ser Cys Asp Tyr Asn Gly Ala Ile Ala Thr 595 600 605 Ile Ser Ala Asn Gly Lys Met Phe Gly Ser Ala Val Val Glu Asn Gly 610 615 620 Thr Ala Thr Ile Asn Leu Thr Gly Leu Thr Asn Glu Ser Thr Leu Thr 625 630 635 640 Leu Thr Val Val Gly Tyr Asn Lys Glu Thr Val Ile Lys Thr Ile Asn 645 650 655 Thr Asn Gly Glu Pro Asn Pro Tyr Gln Pro Val Ser Asn Leu Thr Ala 660 665 670 Thr Thr Gln Gly Gln Lys Val Thr Leu Lys Trp Asp Ala Pro Ser Thr 675 680 685 Lys Thr Asn Ala Thr Thr Asn Thr Ala Arg Ser Val Asp Gly Ile Arg 690 695 700 Glu Leu Val Leu Leu Ser Val Ser Asp Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Arg Ser 705 710 715 720 Gly Gln Ala Glu Ile Val Leu Glu Ala His Asp Val Trp Asn Asp Gly 725 730 735 Ser Gly Tyr Gln Ile Leu Leu Asp Ala Asp His Asp Gln Tyr Gly Gln 740 745 750 Val Ile Pro Ser Asp Thr His Thr Leu Trp Pro Asn Cys Ser Val Pro 755 760 765 Ala Asn Leu Phe Ala Pro Phe Glu Tyr Thr Val Pro Glu Asn Ala Asp 770 775 780 Pro Ser Cys Ser Pro Thr Asn Met Ile Met Asp Gly Thr Ala Ser Val 785 790 795 800 Asn Ile Pro Ala Gly Thr Tyr Asp Phe Ala Ile Ala Ala Pro Gln Ala 805 810 815 Asn Ala Lys Ile Trp Ile Ala Gly Gln Gly Pro Thr Lys Glu Asp Asp 820 825 830 Tyr Val Phe Glu Ala Gly Lys Lys Tyr His Phe Leu Met Lys Lys Met 835 840 845 Gly Ser Gly Asp Gly Thr Glu Leu Thr Ile Ser Glu Gly Gly Gly Ser 850 855 860 Asp Tyr Thr Tyr Thr Val Tyr Arg Asp Gly Thr Lys Ile Lys Glu Gly 865 870 875 880 Leu Thr Ala Thr Thr Phe Glu Glu Asp Gly Val Ala Thr Gly Asn His 885 890 895 Glu Tyr Cys Val Glu Val Lys Tyr Thr Ala Gly Val Ser Pro Lys Val 900 905 910 Cys Lys Asp Val Thr Val Glu Gly Ser Asn Glu Phe Ala Pro Val Gln 915 920 925 Asn Leu Thr Gly Ser Ala Val Gly Gln Lys Val Thr Leu Lys Trp Asp 930 935 940 Ala Pro Asn Gly Thr Pro Asn Pro Asn Pro Asn Pro Asn Pro Asn Pro 945 950 955 960 Gly Thr Thr Thr Leu Ser Glu Ser Phe Glu Asn Gly Ile Pro Ala Ser 965 970 975 Trp Lys Thr Ile Asp Ala Asp Gly Asp Gly His Gly Trp Lys Pro Gly 980 985 990 Asn Ala Pro Gly Ile Ala Gly Tyr Asn Ser Asn Gly Cys Val Tyr Ser 995 1000 1005 Glu Ser Phe Gly Leu Gly Gly Ile Gly Val Leu Thr Pro Asp Asn Tyr 1010 1015 1020 Leu Ile Thr Pro Ala Leu Asp Leu Pro Asn Gly Gly Lys Leu Thr Phe 1025 1030 1035 1040 Trp Val Cys Ala Gln Asp Ala Asn Tyr Ala Ser Glu His Tyr Ala Val 1045 1050 1055 Tyr Ala Ser Ser Thr Gly Asn Asp Ala Ser Asn Phe Thr Asn Ala Leu 1060 1065 1070 Leu Glu Glu Thr Ile Thr Ala Lys Gly Val Arg Ser Pro Glu Ala Ile 1075 1080 1085 Arg Gly Arg Ile Gln Gly Thr Trp Arg Gln Lys Thr Val Asp Leu Pro 1090 1095 1100 Ala Gly Thr Lys Tyr Val Ala Phe Arg His Phe Gln Ser Thr Asp Met 1105 1110 1115 1120 Phe Tyr Ile Asp Leu Asp Glu Val Glu Ile Lys Ala Asn Gly Lys Arg 1125 1130 1135 Ala Asp Phe Thr Glu Thr Phe Glu Ser Ser Thr His Gly Glu Ala Pro 1140 1145 1150 Ala Glu Trp Thr Thr Ile Asp Ala Asp Gly Asp Gly Gln Gly Trp Leu 1155 1160 1165 Cys Leu Ser Ser Gly Gln Leu Asp Trp Leu Thr Ala His Gly Gly Thr 1170 1175 1180 Asn Val Val Ala Ser Phe Ser Trp Asn Gly Met Ala Leu Asn Pro Asp 1185 1190 1195 1200 Asn Tyr Leu Ile Ser Lys Asp Val Thr Gly Ala Thr Lys Val Lys Tyr 1205 1210 1215 Tyr Tyr Ala Val Asn Asp Gly Phe Pro Gly Asp His Tyr Ala Val Met 1220 1225 1230 Ile Ser Lys Thr Gly Thr Asn Ala Gly Asp Phe Thr Val Val Phe Glu 1235 1240 1245 Glu Thr Pro Asn Gly Ile Asn Lys Gly Gly Ala Arg Phe Gly Leu Ser 1250 1255 1260 Thr Glu Ala Asn Gly Ala Lys Pro Gln Ser Val Trp Ile Glu Arg Thr 1265 1270 1275 1280 Val Asp Leu Pro Ala Gly Thr Lys Tyr Val Ala Phe Arg His Tyr Asn 1285 1290 1295 Cys Ser Asp Leu Asn Tyr Ile Leu Leu Asp Asp Ile Gln Phe Thr Met 1300 1305 1310 Gly Gly Ser Pro Thr Pro Thr Asp Tyr Thr Tyr Thr Val Tyr Arg Asp 1315 1320 1325 Gly Thr Lys Ile Lys Glu Gly Leu Thr Glu Thr Thr Phe Glu Glu Asp 1330 1335 1340 Gly Val Ala Thr Gly Asn His Glu Tyr Cys Val Glu Val Lys Tyr Thr 1345 1350 1355 1360 Ala Gly Val Ser Pro Lys Glu Cys Val Asn Val Thr Ile Asn Pro Thr 1365 1370 1375 Gln Phe Asn Pro Val Lys Asn Leu Lys Ala Gln Pro Asp Gly Gly Asp 1380 1385 1390 Val Val Leu Lys Trp Glu Ala Pro Ser Ala Lys Lys Thr Glu Gly Ser 1395 1400 1405 Arg Glu Val Lys Arg Ile Gly Asp Gly Leu Phe Val Thr Ile Glu Pro 1410 1415 1420 Ala Asn Asp Val Arg Ala Asn Glu Ala Lys Val Val Leu Ala Ala Asp 1425 1430 1435 1440 Asn Val Trp Gly Asp Asn Thr Gly Tyr Gln Phe Leu Leu Asp Ala Asp 1445 1450 1455 His Asn Thr Phe Gly Ser Val Ile Pro Ala Thr Gly Pro Leu Phe Thr 1460 1465 1470 Gly Thr Ala Ser Ser Asn Leu Tyr Ser Ala Asn Phe Glu Tyr Leu Ile 1475 1480 1485 Pro Ala Asn Ala Asp Pro Val Val Thr Thr Gln Asn Ile Ile Val Thr 1490 1495 1500 Gly Gln Gly Glu Val Val Ile Pro Gly Gly Val Tyr Asp Tyr Cys Ile 1505 1510 1515 1520 Thr Asn Pro Glu Pro Ala Ser Gly Lys Met Trp Ile Ala Gly Asp Gly 1525 1530 1535 Gly Asn Gln Pro Ala Arg Tyr Asp Asp Phe Thr Phe Glu Ala Gly Lys 1540 1545 1550 Lys Tyr Thr Phe Thr Met Arg Arg Ala Gly Met Gly Asp Gly Thr Asp 1555 1560 1565 Met Glu Val Glu Asp Asp Ser Pro Ala Ser Tyr Thr Tyr Thr Val Tyr 1570 1575 1580 Arg Asp Gly Thr Lys Ile Lys Glu Gly Leu Thr Glu Thr Thr Tyr Arg 1585 1590 1595 1600 Asp Ala Gly Met Ser Ala Gln Ser His Glu Tyr Cys Val Glu Val Lys 1605 1610 1615 Tyr Ala Ala Gly Val Ser Pro Lys Val Cys Val Asp Tyr Ile Pro Asp 1620 1625 1630 Gly Val Ala Asp Val Thr Ala Gln Lys Pro Tyr Thr Leu Thr Val Val 1635 1640 1645 Gly Lys Thr Ile Thr Val Thr Cys Gln Gly Glu Ala Met Ile Tyr Asp 1650 1655 1660 Met Asn Gly Arg Arg Leu Ala Ala Gly Arg Asn Thr Val Val Tyr Thr 1665 1670 1675 1680 Ala Gln Gly Gly Tyr Tyr Ala Val Met Val Val Val Asp Gly Lys Ser 1685 1690 1695 Tyr Val Glu Lys Leu Ala Val Lys * 1700 1705 13 amino acids amino acid single linear protein NO internal not provided 11 Ser Cys Asp Tyr Asn Gly Ala Ile Ala Thr Ile Ser Ala 1 5 10 14 amino acids amino acid single linear protein NO internal not provided 12 Ser Cys Trp Ala Phe Ser Gly Val Ala Ala Thr Phe Ser Ala 1 5 10 14 amino acids amino acid single linear protein NO internal not provided 13 Ser Cys Trp Ile Phe Ser Thr Ile Gly Ala Leu Phe Ser Ala 1 5 10 14 amino acids amino acid single linear protein NO internal not provided 14 Gly Cys Trp Ala Phe Ser Ala Ile Ala Thr Val Glu Gly Ile 1 5 10 14 amino acids amino acid single linear protein NO internal not provided 15 Ser Cys Trp Ala Phe Ser Ala Val Val Thr Ile Phe Gly Ile 1 5 10 14 amino acids amino acid single linear protein NO internal not provided 16 Ser Cys Trp Ala Phe Gly Ala Val Glu Ala Ile Ser Asp Arg 1 5 10 

We claim:
 1. A recombinant DNA molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding an Arg-gingipain protein containing an enzymatically active protease component having an amino acid sequence as given in one of SEQ ID NO:4 from amino acid 1 to amino acid 510 or SEQ ID NO:10 from amino acid 228 to amino acid 719, and a hemagglutinin component.
 2. The recombinant DNA molecule of claim 1 wherein said enzymatically active protease component has an amino acid sequence as given in SEQ ID NO:10 from amino acid 228 to amino acid 719 and a hemaglutinin component having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of from amino acid 720 to amino acid 1091, from amino acid 1092 to amino acid 1429 and from amino acid 1430 to amino acid 1704, each as given in SEQ ID NO:10.
 3. The recombinant DNA molecule of claim 1 wherein said Arg-gingipain is encoded within a nucleotide sequence as given in SEQ ID NO:9 from nucleotide 949-6063.
 4. The recombinant DNA molecule of claim 3 encoding a prepolyprotein having an amino acid sequence as given in SEQ ID NO:10. 